Encephalartos inopinus R.A.Dyer

Lydenburg cycad (en)

Species

Gymnosperms > Cycadales > Zamiaceae > Encephalartos

Characteristics

The male cone from the wild-one of a cluster-was subcylindric, more or less elliptic-oblong in outline, whereas three cones from a single stem on a garden plant, were more oblong-lanceolate. The scales of the cone from the wild were dense and the beak slightly decurved, by comparison with the relatively open, spreading scales of the plant in cultivation. It was found also that the garden cones must have had a considerably higher moisture content judging by the shrivelling and weight for size ratio. The following details amplify the original description. Cones 1 to several in a head; the scale faces green and densely covered with small white papillae giving a general light green 'matt' appearance. Male cones subcylindric, narrowed more or less equally to both ends or sometimes more gradually tapered towards the apex, 18-25 cm long, 6.5-8 cm diam., pedunculate; peduncle 6-8 cm long, 2.5-3 cm diam. at top, not much thinner at base; median scales spreading more or less horizontally from axis with de-flexed beak, 2.5-3 cm long, 7-8 mm thick vertically, with sharp lateral angles, moderately ridged down upper surface, nearly flat on microsporangial surface, with pollen-sacs not spreading quite to margin; bulla-face minutely papillate, projected into a beak 9-10 mm long; upper facet with median receding ridge; lower facet continuous with microsporangial surface; terminal facet subquadrate 7-8 x 7-8 mm. Female cones broadly subcylindric, slightly narrowing to obtuse apex, 31 cm tall, 15 cm in greatest width near base, and with stout peduncle; peduncle obconic, 5-6 cm long, 5 cm thick at top and narrowed to base, subtended by numerous linear-filiform tornentose bracts about the same length as the peduncle; median scales about 5 cm long, 4-4.75 cm broad, 3 cm thick vertically, with lateral ridges extending into incurved lateral lobes; bulla-face about 10 mm prominent, minutely and densely whitish papillate; upper facet with a slightly undulate surface and 1 or 2 receding ridges; lower facet similar to upper but more acutely angled from the terminal facet; terminal facet slightly below centre of bulla-face, slightly concave, about 2.5 cm broad, 1.5 cm wide vertically (slight cracking of surface at time of photograph and description probably due to slight drying out after period of 4-5 weeks since removal from parent plant); scales in the upper 1/3 of the cone, broadest, up to 5 cm broad, with the terminal facet narrower vertically by comparison with those of the lower scales.
More
Plant freely branched from base; stems up to about 3 m long and often spreading or reclining at this stage, 17-23 cm diam. (including the persistent leaf bases); bracts lanceolate, about 4-5 cm long, tomentose. Leaves 0.8-1-2 m long including petiole 10-20 cm long; rhachis nearly straight, sometimes slightly up-curved and twisted towards apex, glabrous except for woolly back of pulvinus, flat or ridged on upper surface towards base, rounded on under surface, 8-13 mm thick; pulvinus up to 3.5 cm long, 4.5 cm broad, with dense brown wool on back readily nibbed off, shrinking in size and wearing down considerably with age to about 1.5-2 cm long; leaflets glabrous, glaucous on under surface when young, becoming green with age, base or foot inserted parallel to axis, usually pungent, with entire margin or occasionally with 1-2 minute teeth on the lower margin near and directed towards the apex, those leaflets above middle of leaf directed slightly upwards and outwards and sometimes recurving, not overlapping, reduced in size near apex of rhachis, those about the middle spreading more or less at right angles from rhachis, those below directed slightly downwards and slightly falcate, 1-2 cm distant from each other and reduced in size rather abruptly to 2-6 prickles on either side of the rhachis; median leaflets linear-attenuate, 14-21 cm long, 8-13 mm broad in the lowest 1/3 and from there gradually tapering to the slender pungent apex, only slightly narrowed at base, not very rigid, with 13-21 veins evident but not raised on the lower surface. Male cones 2 or more together (immature) on peduncles about 5 cm long and 1.5 cm thick, 8-10 cm long, 4-4.5 cm diam.; scales dense (few showing some dehiscene) about 2 cm long (tips all damaged) 1.7-2 cm broad, with acute lateral margin, maximum vertical thickness 5 mm; microsporangia dense on lower basal half; beak projecting about 1 cm. with upper facet humped in middle, lower facet nearly flat, glabrous round base of beak, shortly greyish scurfy-pubescent towards apex. Female cones not yet recorded.
Plant freely branched from base. Stems up to 3 m long. Leaves up to 1.5 m long, bluish green. Leaflets towards base of petiole deflexed in relation to rhachis, basal leaflets reduced to a short or long series of prickles, median leaflets 140-210 x 8-13 mm, 13-21-veined on undersurface.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer nostocaceae
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light 4-7
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Encephalartos inopinus unspecified picture

Distribution

Encephalartos inopinus world distribution map, present in South Africa

Conservation status

Encephalartos inopinus threat status: Critically Endangered

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:871778-1
WFO ID wfo-0000667396
COL ID 39ND4
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Encephalartos inopinus