Enicostema verticillatum Engl.

Whitehead (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Gentianaceae > Enicostema

Characteristics

Herb or shrub, 0.4-2 m tall. Branches quadrangular and sometimes slightly winged. Leaves sessile, opposite pairs connected by small ridge, chartaceous, gradually becoming smaller towards top of flowering branches, ovate-elliptic to narrowly ovate-elliptic, 2-8 x 0.5-3 cm, apex acute-acuminate, base attenuate; 3 main veins slightly prominulous below. Inflorescence verticillate, each cluster with 4-8 flowers; bracts linear-triangular, 4-6 mm long; pedicels 0-1 mm long. Calyx green with white margin, 4-6 mm long including 3-5 mm long subulate calyx lobes; corolla white, 6-8 mm long including 2 mm long apiculate corolla lobes; stamens with 1 mm long flattened filaments, anthers 1.5 mm long, connective filiform prolonged; ovary ellipsoid, 1.6-1.8 mm long, style 1 mm long, stigma 0.5 mm in diam. Fruit ellipsoid, 4 mm long
More
Herb, 20-60 cm tall, unbranched or sparingly branched; stemn terete at the base, becoming 4-angulate above, inconspicuously winged. Leaves considerably exceeding the internodes; the lamina narrowly ovate to ovate-elliptic, acuminate to subacute at the apex, gradually attenuate and amplexicaul at the base, charta-ceous, with 3(-5) strongly ascending inconspicuous veins. Flowers in dense, axillary, verticillate clusters, usually 4-8 flowers per cluster, 6-8 mm long, white, sessile, bracteate, the bracts linear, 4-6 mm long; calyx 4-6 mm long, urceolate, the lobes subulate to narrowly linear-lanceolate, 2-4 mm long, flaring to re-curved at the apex, the margins membranous; corolla 6-8 mm long, ? infundib-ular, white or yellow, the lobes ovate, narrowly acute at the apex, 1.5-2 mm
long and 0.5-1 mm broad at the base; stamens included, the filaments ca. 1 mm long, flattened, the anthers ca. 1.5 mm long, long-apiculate, bilobate at the base; pistil 2.6-2.8 mm long, ovary 1-locular, ellipsoid, 1.6-1.8 mm long, the cylindrical style ca. 1 mm long, the stigma ca. 0.5 mm in diameter. Capsules ellipsoid, 3.5-4 mm long, beaked (persistent style), surrounded by the marcescent calyx and corolla; seeds flattened.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 1.3
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Dysentery (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Febrifuge (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Enicostema verticillatum world distribution map, present in Guyana, Panama, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:367193-1
WFO ID wfo-0000668046
COL ID 39V4Q
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 629620
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Coutoubea verticillata Enicostema verticillatum Exacum verticillatum Gentiana verticillata Ericoila verticillata Slevogtia verticillata Slevogtia occidentalis Centaurium verticillatum Adenema hyssopifolium Enicostema occidentale Gentiana hyssopifolia Gentiana octoflora Hippion verticillatum Gentiana lignosa Hippion verticillatum var. occidentale