Entada gigas (L.) Fawc. & Rendle

Nicker bean (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Entada

Characteristics

Large vine of lowland areas, often climbing to the tops of forest trees, the branchlets essentially glhrbrous and inconspicuously lenticellate. Leaves very large, bipinnate, commonly cirrhiferous, the pinnae usually 2 pairs, opposite, the leaflets 3-6 pairs per pinna; petiole usually 2-4 cm. long, eglandular, frequently puberu-lent, callous basally; rachis similar to the petiole, up to 20 cm. long, eglandular, commonly terminating in a stout, branched tendril, especially on new growth; pinnae up to 15 cm. long, the axis similar to the rachis; leaflets asymmetrically oblong, the terminal ones as much as 8 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, the basal ones as small as 1.5 cm. wide and 1 cm. broad, usually blunt or even emarginate apically, inequilaterally obtuse basally, glabrous except on the costa, somewhat glossy above, dull below, the venation conspicuous, the secondary lateral veins essentially parallel; stipules linear, about 4 mm. long. Inflorescence an elongate spike, supra-axillary (usually inserted 5-10 mm. above the axil), the peduncular portion only 1-5 cm. long, the floriferous portion 7-25 cm. long, the floriferous bractlets squamiform. Flowers cream, odorous (often described as unpleasantly so, or with a "sickly odor"), short-stipitate; calyx shallowly cupulate, about 1 mm. deep, rather ir-regularly 5-lobed, glabrous; corolla of 5 narrowly elliptic petals about 3 mm. long, glabrous, free or somewhat connate basally; stamens 10, 6-7 mm. long, the anthers usually bearing a (caducous) gland; ovary glabrous. Legume very large, as much as 2 m. long (commonly several dm. long) and about 1 dm. broad, more or less oblong, curved, flat, transversely jointed but the margins continuous, glabrous, the segments 1-seeded; seeds orbicular, 3-5 cm. in diameter, flattened, blackish, glossy.
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Large liane up to 25 m. high, unarmed.. Young branchlets subglabrous to puberulous or perhaps sometimes pubescent.. Rhachis of leaves with (1–)2 pairs of pinnae, and ending in a forked tendril; leaflets (3–)4(–5) pairs, elliptic to obovate-elliptic, often asymmetric, 1.8–8 cm. long, 0.8–4 cm. wide, emarginate at the obtuse or rounded apex, glabrous above except for the puberulous midrib, glabrous also beneath except near base of leaflet and (sometimes) for some pubescence along midrib.. Spike-like racemes arising from stem about 3–5 mm. above leaf-axils, solitary, 8–25 cm. long, ± pubescent, on a peduncle 1.5–6 cm. long; pedicels 1–1.5(–2) mm. long, slender.. Flowers creamy to greenish or yellowish.. Calyx somewhat puberulous or glabrous, 1–1.25 mm. long.. Petals 2.5–3 mm. long.. Stamen-filaments 3.5–6 mm. long.. Pods gigantic, less woody than in E. pursaetha, twisted into a single or double lax spiral, with the sides also often twisted, 0.4–1.2 m. long and 7.5–12 cm. wide; outer layer of pod falling away to expose the thick, chartaceous, somewhat flexible inner layer.. Seeds hard, about 4–5.5 cm. in diameter.
Rhachis of leaves with (1)2 pairs of pinnae, and ending in a forked tendril; leaflets (3)4(5) pairs, 1·8-8 x 0·8-4 cm., elliptic to obovate-elliptic, often asymmetric, emarginate at the obtuse or rounded apex, glabrous above except for the puberulous midrib, glabrous also beneath except near the base of the leaflet and (sometimes) for some pubescence along the midrib.
Pods gigantic, 40-120 cm. x 7·5-12 cm., less woody than in E. pursaetha, twisted into a single or double lax spiral, with the sides also often twisted; outer layer of pod falling away to expose the thick chartaceous somewhat flexible inner layer.
Spike-like racemes arising from the stem c. 3-5 mm. above the leaf-axils, solitary, 8-25 cm. long, ± pubescent, on a peduncle 1·5-6 cm. long; pedicels 1-1·5(2) mm. long, slender.
A woody climber. The fruit is a long woody pod. It can be 1-2 m long. The seeds are heart shaped and can be 6 cm across. They are a shiny deep red to brown.
Large liane up to 25 m. high, unarmed; young branchlets subglabrous to puberulous or sometimes pubescent.
Calyx 1-1·25 mm. long, somewhat puberulous or glabrous, sometimes pubescent.
Coriaceous or subwoody pods curved into a single or double spiral.
A liane, similar to the preceding (Entada pursaetha)
Flowers creamy to greenish or yellowish.
Seeds c. 4-5·5 cm. in diam., hard.
Stamen-filaments 3·5-6 mm. long.
Petals 2·5-3 mm. long.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in low elevation, wet places.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The seeds are roasted and eaten. The stem sap is used as a drink. The young shoots are boiled and the water discarded and then eaten as a vegetable.
Uses drinks environmental use fibre food fuel leaf vegetable material medicinal
Edible leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Ulcer (bark), Anti-inflammatory agents (seed), Skin diseases (seed), Antiperiodic (seed), Antiparasitic agents (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Ulcer (wood)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Entada gigas habit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Leaf

Entada gigas leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Entada gigas leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Entada gigas leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Fruit

Entada gigas fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Entada gigas world distribution map, present in Angola, Belize, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Gabon, Ghana, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, French Guiana, Haiti, Jamaica, Liberia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Sudan, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Togo, Uganda, and Zambia

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1078643-2
WFO ID wfo-0000211706
COL ID 39X4Y
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 629621
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Entada gigas Mimosa gigas Mimosa scandens Entada planoseminata Entada umbonata Entada scandens subsp. planoseminata Entada scandens subsp. umbonata Entada gigas subsp. umbonata Entada gigas subsp. planoseminata Entada gigas subsp. rectocarpa Entada scandens subsp. rectocarpa