Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr.

St. thomas bean (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Entada

Characteristics

Woody climber, often with flattened and spiral stem. Leaves: rachis c. 2 cm; pinnae 1 or 2 pairs, like the rachis glabrous to puberulous, 6.5-9 cm; leaflets 1 or 2 (or 3) pairs per pinna, rigidly chartaceous (the upper surface drying considerably darker than the lower), elliptic, obliquely elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, unequal-sided, 4.5-10 by 1.8-6.3 cm, base asymmetrical or ± emarginate, glabrous or puberulous on midrib and margins. Inflorescence: a solitary spike in the leaf axils or sometimes several spikes from a short-shoot, 13-30 cm, ± densely puberulous. Flowers sessile or subsessile, pentamerous, male or bisexual. Calyx green, broadly cup-shaped, glabrous, 0.8-1.25 mm; teeth inconspicuous. Petals green with a reddish base, eglandular, elliptic to lanceolate, acute, 2.8-3.5 mm. Stamens 6.5 mm, white, turning yellow. Pod straight to slightly curved, up to 1-1.35(-2) by 0.07-0.15 m; segments 6.5-7.5 cm long; epicarp woody, veins inconspicuous; endocarp parchment-like. Seeds brown, suborbicular, flattened, 4-6 by 3.3-5 by c. 1 cm.
More
Climbers, evergreen, large, woody. Stems often spirally twisted. Branches glabrous. Leaves 10-25 cm; petiole short; pinnae usually 2 pairs; leaflets 1 or 2 pairs, apical pair of pinnae transformed into a tendril, elliptic or narrowly obovate, 3-9 × 1.5-4.5 cm, leathery, base slightly oblique, apex obtuse, emar­ginate. Spikes 15-25 cm, solitary or arranged in a panicle, vil­lous; bracts pubescent. Flowers slightly fragrant. Calyx cam­panulate, ca. 2 mm, 5-toothed. Petals 5, green with reddish base, oblong, ca. 4 mm, glabrous, slightly united at base, apex acute. Stamens white, slightly longer than corolla. Ovary glabrous; style filiform. Legume curved, flat, to 1 m × 8-12 cm, with a parchmentlike endocarp. Seeds dark brown, orbicular, flat, 4-6 cm in diam.; testa brown, brilliant, woody. Fl. Mar-Jun, fr. Aug-Nov. 2n = 28.
Woody climber, glabrous or infrequently puberulous. Pinnae 1-or 2-jugate. Leaflets 1-or 2-jugate, one of basal pair sometimes absent, ± inequilaterally elliptic, oval or obovate-elliptic; petiolules 0.5–3 mm long; lamina obtuse to acute, 4.5–10.5 cm long, 3–6 cm wide, shiny and drying darker on upper surface. Inflorescence spicate, solitary or several from a short shoot, to 30 cm long; bracteoles c. 1 mm long, deciduous. Flowers sessile, green with reddish base or dull purple, glabrous; calyx cupular, c. 1.5 mm long; petals c. 2.5 mm long. Pod compressed, straight to ± curved, to more than 1.25 m long, 5–15 cm wide, woody; innermost layer parchment-like. Seeds flattened, subcircular, 4–6 cm long, 3.5–5 cm wide, c. 1 cm thick, brown.
A tree climber which forms loops between branches. The stems are thick 12 cm across and irregularly round. They are twisted or have an irregular spiral. The small branches are slender. The leaves have long leaf stalks. The leaves are twice divided. The leaflets are 2.5 to 5 cm long and like leather. The flower stalk is 15 cm or more long. The flowers are 2 to 3 mm long and attached without a stalk. They are yellowish white. They are crowded on a long spike in the axils of leaves. The few pods hang down and the beans have flattened sides and are chocolate brown. They can be 1 m long. They are woody and jointed between the seeds.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 30.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It is sensitive to cold. It needs well drained soils. They are found throughout the Philippines occurring everywhere in tropical forests. In Yunnan in China it grows between 800-1300 m altitude. It grows in subtropical broadleaved evergreen forest. In XTBG Yunnan.
More
Found in a wide variety of habitats, ranging from freshwater swamp and inland from the mangrove up to montane forest, at elevations up to 900 metres, occasionally to 1,700 metres.
Infrequent in rainforest.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The seeds are edible cooked. They are eaten after roasting, baking, grinding, and immersing in running water for 10-12 hours. They contain two saponins. The leaves are eaten both raw and cooked. The young tender pods are eaten.
More
Uses As of E. rheedii.
Uses drinks environmental use fiber fibre food fuel invertebrate food leaf vegetable material medicinal oil poison social use
Edible leaves nuts saps seeds
Therapeutic use Antifungal agents (bark), Fishes, poisonous (bark), Hemagglutination (bark), Anti-poisoning (bark), Ulcer (bark), Anthelmintics (seed), Anti-inflammatory agents (seed), Antineoplastic agents (seed), Asthma (seed), Emetics (seed), Fishes, poisonous (seed), Anti-poisoning (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Antiperiodic (seed), Emetics (stem), Anti-poisoning (stem), Abdomen (unspecified), Cosmetic (unspecified), Enterosis (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Parturition (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Shampoo (unspecified), Soap (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Water (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Coffee (unspecified), Hematochezia (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Watervine (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Ache(Loin) (unspecified), Anasarca (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Epilepsy (unspecified), Hair-Dye (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Rinderpest (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Hair (unspecified), Ulcer (wood)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. The hard seed coat needs to be cut prior to sowing.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Entada phaseoloides habit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Entada phaseoloides habit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Entada phaseoloides habit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Entada phaseoloides world distribution map, present in Australia, Brunei Darussalam, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Japan, Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Malaysia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Uruguay, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:493866-1
WFO ID wfo-0000192476
COL ID 39X5N
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447352
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Entada phaseoloides Mimosa blancoana Faba marina-major Entada rumphii Entada scandens Perima odorata Lens phaseoloides Adenanthera scandens Entada adenanthera Entada gandu Entada parrana Gigalobium scandens Pusaetha scandens Acacia scandens Strepsilobus scandens Entada scandens Prosopis scandens Entada gigalobium Entada scandens var. aequilatera