Epigaea repens L.

Trailing arbutus (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ericaceae > Epigaea

Characteristics

Plants prostrate or creeping; branches spreading. Stems to 30(-50) cm. Twigs often hirsute-hispid, especially when young. Leaves alternate (distal leaves sometimes closely spaced, appearing subopposite or opposite); petiole 1-5 cm, with unicellular hairs of varying lengths; blade ovate-elliptic, (2-)3-8(-10) × 1.5-5.5 cm, base rounded or cordate, margins ciliate with stiff hairs, plane, apex obtuse to acute and mucronate, abaxial surface with distinctive reticulate venation, adaxial and abaxial surfaces with long, soft or stiff hairs, becoming glabrate. Inflorescences axillary and terminal clusters, 2-5 cm; bracteoles persistent, 2, 4-7 mm (often extending to calyx lobes), hirsute. Flowers bisexual or unisexual due to undeveloped or sterile stamens or ovary (staminate flowers larger than carpellate), with spicy fragrance; sepals distinct nearly to base, 5-6 mm, hirsute; corolla tube 6-10(-15) mm, lobes 5, spreading, rose or pink to white, 6-10 mm; filaments adnate to base of corolla tube, hairy basally; ovary glandular-hairy; style slender, with collar or ring of tissue partly adnate to stigma. Capsules depressed-globose, 5-lobed, 5-8 mm diam., fleshy, outer surface glandular-hirsute, white and pulpy within due to persistent, fleshy placentae. Seeds brown, 0.5 mm. 2n = 24.
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Stems branched, 2–4 dm, hirsute; lvs ovate or oblong, 2–10 cm, entire, rounded or cordate at base, ± pilose, especially when young; petiole pubescent, half as long as the blade; spikes 2–5 cm; bracts ciliate; cor-tube 8–15 mm, the lobes 6–8 mm. Sandy or rocky, acid soil; Nf. and Que. to Sask., s. to Fla., Miss., and Io. Apr., May.
A small evergreen shrub. It grows about 15 cm high. It creeps or trails over the ground. The stems form roots along its length. The flowers are in clusters and are pink and waxy. There are 5 or 6 flowers in a cluster at the ends of shoots. The fruit are round capsules filled with seeds.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.3
Mature height (meter) 0.1
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is native to North America. It is damaged by frost. It grows in light sandy well-drained soils. It needs a protected shaded position. It is resistant to frost but damaged by drought. It suits hardiness zones 3-9.
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Damp mossy banks in sandy and peaty woods and clearings, usually under pine trees.
Light 3-6
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 1-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 2-6

Usage

The flowers are eaten raw. They are added to salads.
Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible flowers fruits
Therapeutic use Kidney Aid (leaf), Gastrointestinal Aid (leaf), Kidney Aid (root), Analgesic (unspecified), Antidiarrheal (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Kidney Aid (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified), Pulmonary Aid (unspecified), Antirheumatic (Internal) (unspecified), Gynecological Aid (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. The soil temperature needs to be above 10-13°C. It can also be grown from cuttings or rooted sections.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Epigaea repens leaf picture by Katrina Balling (cc-by-sa)
Epigaea repens leaf picture by Katrina Balling (cc-by-sa)
Epigaea repens leaf picture by Rudd (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Epigaea repens flower picture by jenny hall (cc-by-sa)
Epigaea repens flower picture by Tom Jones (cc-by-sa)
Epigaea repens flower picture by Lenore Roca (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Epigaea repens world distribution map, present in Canada, France, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:276605-2
WFO ID wfo-0000668626
COL ID 6FTGV
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 762088
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Epigaea repens f. repens Epigaea repens f. plena Epigaea repens f. rosea Epigaea repens var. glabrifolia Epigaea repens var. rubicunda Epigaea repens var. repens Epigaea repens f. rubicunda Epigaea rubicunda Epigaea repens