Epilobium hirsutum L.

Codlins and cream (en), Épilobe hérissé (fr), Épilobe hirsute (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Onagraceae > Epilobium

Characteristics

Herbs robust, perennial, sometimes woody near base with long, thick, ropelike hypogeal stolons often terminating in a rosette of leaves. Stems 25-120(-250) cm tall, much branched in upper half, densely villous pubescent, with short glandular hairs especially on inflorescence, rarely sparsely pubescent, or rarely densely white tomentose. Leaves sessile and clasping stem; cauline blade lanceolate-elliptic to narrowly obovate or elliptic, rarely very narrowly lanceolate, 4-12(-23) × 0.3-4(-5) cm, both surfaces villous, very rarely glabrescent, base subcuneate and clasping, margin serrulate with 20-50 teeth per side, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescence and flowers erect. Sepals 6-12 mm, often keeled. Petals bright pink to dark purple, 8-20 mm. Stigma deeply 4-lobed. Capsules 2.5-9 cm, pubescent or rarely glabrescent; pedicels 0.5-2 cm. Seeds dark brown, 0.8-1.2 mm, coarsely papillose, with inconspicuous chalazal collar; coma tawny or dull white, detaching easily. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 36.
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Rhizomatous, usually robust herb up to 2.1 m. high, indumentum ranging from pubescent and very sparsely villous to densely villous or tomentose; capitate glandular hairs present.. Stems without imbricate scale-leaves at base.. Leaves sessile, variable, oblong or lanceolate to elliptic or sometimes ovate-elliptic or obovate-oblong, about 3–10 cm. long and 0.5–2.5 (-3.7) cm. wide, acute, sharply serrulate.. Flowers bright pink to red-purple, rarely and only casually white.. Sepals 7–10 mm. long.. Petals broadly obovate, 9.5–19 mm. long, 7–18 mm. wide.. Style 7–8 mm. long.. Stigma divided nearly or quite to base into four arcuate-recurved narrowly clavate obtuse arms 1.75–3 mm. long.. Capsules mostly 4–8.5 cm. long; pedicels 0.5–1.6 (–2) cm. long.
Rhizomatous perennial; stems erect, much branched, 5–20 dm, softly and densely villous above; lvs mostly opposite (but the bracts alternate), hairy on both sides, lanceolate or oblong and somewhat clasping, the larger ones 5–12 × 1–3 cm, sharply serrulate, with evident lateral veins; pedicels 1 cm or less; pet red-purple, 10–15 mm, shallowly notched; hypanthium shortly prolonged beyond the ovary; stigma 4-cleft; fr 5–8 cm; coma nearly white; 2n=36. Native of Eurasia and n. Afr., intr. in moist or wet soil, especially in disturbed sites, from s. Me. and s. Que. to Mass. and Md., w. to n. O., Mich., and ne. Ill.
Robust herb, 0.2-2.7 m high. Stem with long spreading pubescence; fleshy scales absent at base of plant. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, coarsely toothed, sessile, distinctly clasping at base. Flowers erect in bud. Petals 4, bright purplish rose. Stigma held above anthers at anthesis. Flowering time Dec.-Feb. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, 30-80 mm long; pedicels 2-12 mm long. Seeds oblong-obovoid, acute at base, coarsely papillose, up to 1.15 mm long, dark brown, coma up to 7 mm long.
A robust, softly hairy herb. It grows to 2 m tall and keeps growing from year to year. The leaves are opposite and can be in rings. They are oblong or sword shaped and do not have stalks. They partly clasp the stems. They are coarsely toothed and have leaf like bracts. The flowers are bright purplish-pink. They are 15-25 mm across and born in leafy racemes. The petals have notches. The stigma has 4 lobes.
Robust, perennial herb, 0.2-2.5 m high. Stems patently pubescent. Leaves subsessile, distinctly clasping base; blade narrowly obovate-oblong, 20-120 x 4-30 mm, margins coarsely toothed. Flowers: stigma deeply 4-cleft; petals 6-16 x 6-15 mm, bright purplish rose; Oct.-May. Fruit 30-80 mm long, pedicel 2-12 mm long.
Robust herb, 0·2–2·5 m. tall, the subligneous stems sometimes persistent; rhizome stout, producing thick white underground runners with very scattered cataphylls; plants more or less white-pubescent, densely covered, especially in the inflorescence, with long spreading trichomes.
Leaves 2–12 × 0·5–4 cm., mostly opposite, alternate above, oblong-lanceolate, densely hairy, acute, sessile, clasping at the base, coarsely toothed; rosette leaves longer and less hairy than later leaves; young leaves to 20 cm. long, more glabrous; petiole up to 5 cm.
Capsules 3–8 mm. long, densely villous, on pedicels 2–12 mm. long; seeds 0·9–1·15 mm. long, dark brown or even coppery, oblong-obovoid, acute at the base, coarsely papillose, the coma 5–7 mm., dull white.
Robust herb, 0.2-2.5 m high. Stems clothed with spreading pubescence. Leaves subsessile, distinctly clasping at base. Stigma deeply 4-cleft. Flowers bright purplish rose.
Softly velvety perennial to 2.5 m. Leaves lanceolate, sessile, finely toothed. Flowers solitary in upper axils, pink, stigma deeply 4-cleft.
Styles 6–10 mm. long; stigma deeply 4-lobed, held above the anthers at anthesis, lobes 1·5–2·5 mm. long.
Anthers 1·5–2 mm. long; the filaments of the longer 3·5–6 mm. long, of the shorter 2–3 mm. long.
Inflorescence with an admixture of glandular trichomes, erect in bud; flowers erect in bud.
Petals 6–16 × 6–15 mm., deeply notched, bright purplish-rose.
Floral tube 2·5–3 mm. across, c. 1–1·5 mm. deep.
Sepals 6–10× 2–2·5 mm., apiculate.
Pending.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 0.55 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.43 - 2.05
Root system creeping-root fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in damp and waste places. It can grow in arid places. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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Stream banks, marshes, drier parts of fens etc; at elevations up to 360 metres.
Light 5-9
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 1-5
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-9

Usage

CAUTION: Violent poisoning with epileptiform convulsions has been reported caused by these leaves. The leaves have been eaten as well as used for tea. The fresh young leaves are used in salads together with chili. Usually the leaves are simply licked fro their salty taste.
Uses food gene source material medicinal poison social use tea
Edible flowers leaves stems
Therapeutic use Warts (plant exudate), Astringent (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Salt (unspecified), Tea (unspecified), Wart (unspecified), Anti-infective agents (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (whole plant), Astringents (whole plant), Burns (whole plant), Colic (whole plant), Demulcents (whole plant), Diarrhea (whole plant), Dysentery (whole plant), Edema (whole plant), Emollients (whole plant), Furunculosis (whole plant), Hypnotics and sedatives (whole plant), Inflammatory bowel diseases (whole plant), Laxatives (whole plant), Parasympatholytics (whole plant), General tonic for rejuvenation (whole plant), Skin ulcer (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown by seeds.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 8 - 10
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Epilobium hirsutum habit picture by Pierre LEON (cc-by-sa)
Epilobium hirsutum habit picture by Jean-Marie Frenoux (cc-by-sa)
Epilobium hirsutum habit picture by Etienne Coffinet (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Epilobium hirsutum leaf picture by Antje Allner (cc-by-sa)
Epilobium hirsutum leaf picture by Jérôme Delpierre (cc-by-sa)
Epilobium hirsutum leaf picture by Spa Ceman (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Epilobium hirsutum flower picture by Alex Tuca (cc-by-sa)
Epilobium hirsutum flower picture by Guy Nivet (cc-by-sa)
Epilobium hirsutum flower picture by kiwaul loiseau (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Epilobium hirsutum fruit picture by Philippe BESSAH (cc-by-sa)
Epilobium hirsutum fruit picture by Tomaž Jančar (cc-by-sa)
Epilobium hirsutum fruit picture by christophe gorla (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Epilobium hirsutum world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Angola, Anguilla, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Spain, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Mongolia, Namibia, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, Pakistan, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, eSwatini, Chad, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Yemen, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Epilobium hirsutum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:611919-1
WFO ID wfo-0000669196
COL ID 6G4YN
BDTFX ID 24151
INPN ID 96180
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Epilobium aquaticum Epilobium grandiflorum Epilobium hirsutum Epilobium incanum Chamaenerion grandiflorum Chamaenerion hirsutum Epilobium amplexicaule Epilobium himalense Epilobium mirei Epilobium nassirelmulci Epilobium serratum Epilobium tomentosum Epilobium velutinum Epilobium villosum Epilobium ramosum Epilobium dubium Epilobium hirsutum f. alboroseum Epilobium hirsutum f. minor Epilobium foliosum Epilobium nassirelinulci Epilobium hirsutum var. laetum Epilobium hirsutum var. sericeum Epilobium hirsutum var. villosissimum Epilobium hirsutum var. tomentosum Epilobium hirsutum var. villosum Epilobium hirsutum f. minus