Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl.

Centipede tongavine (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Alismatales > Araceae > Epipremnum

Characteristics

Root climbers, to 15 m. Mature stem 5-40 mm in diam., internodes separated by prominent leaf scars, obscured by sheath fibers, active stems lustrous green with prominent irregular longitudinal whitish crests. Foliage leaves often clustered distally; petiole dark green, 19.5-60 cm × 3-13 mm, canaliculate, smooth; apical pulvinus 16-70 × 3-5 mm, basal pulvinus 3-7 × 1-1.5 cm; petiolar sheath extending to halfway along apical pulvinus, disintegrating into netted fibers; leaf blade ovate to oblong-elliptic, 10-93 × 5-60 cm, submembranous, base slightly cordate, regularly pinnatifid to pinnatisect, apex acuminate; pinnae paler abaxially, adaxially dark green, 1.2-6.5 cm wide, with tiny perforations along and adjacent to midrib, pinnae each with 1 primary lateral vein and several parallel interprimary veins, higher order venation reticulate, midrib prominently raised abaxially, impressed adaxially. Inflorescence several together, partially obscured by netted fibers; peduncle pale green, 5.5-21.5 cm × 4-10 mm, terete. Spathe dull yellow to mid-green outside, dull yellow or pale green inside, canoe-shaped, 7-23.5 × 3-15 cm, stoutly attenuate to 15 mm, opening almost flat at anthesis. Spadix sessile, white, later glaucous gray-green to yellow, cylindric, 8.5-25 × 1.1-3.5 cm, base slightly obliquely inserted. Flowers 3-7 mm in diam. Ovary cylindric, 4-12 × 2-7 mm, basal part slightly compressed; ovules 2 or 3; stylar region trapezoid, 3-7 × 1.5-4 mm, rather robust, truncate; stigma longitudinally linear-oblong, 2-6 × 0.1-0.5 mm. Fruit mid-green. Seeds reniform, ca. 4.5 × 3.5 mm. Fl. Apr-Jul.
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Robust bole climber; feeder roots corky; internodes with longitudinal raised crests. Leaves: petiole to c. 70 cm long, sheathing for most of length, apically geniculate; sheath degrading to copious fibres; blade simple, oblong-ovate, entire in juveniles gradually becoming increasingly pinnatifid by fenestration in adult plants, rarely entire in adult plants, often with pin-prick holes near midrib, to c. 70 cm long, with up to c. 12 segments per side of midrib; segments (except apical and basal compound segments) each with 1 primary vein, obliquely truncate at apex; secondary venation reticulate. Inflorescences usually multiple, in an apical cluster; subtending bracts degrading like leaf sheath into multiple papery fibres; spathe c. 20 cm long, thick, greenish outside, dirty cream inside, opening boat-shaped, caducous; spadix subsessile, slightly shorter than spathe. Stigmas slit-like. Infructescence green, with distal parts of ovary shed in coherent plates revealing orange pulp.
An evergreen vine. It climbs to 6-50 m high. The stem is slender and fibrous but fleshy. The leaves are green and shiny. They are oval or sword shaped. The leaves can be 70 cm long by 40 cm wide and hang downwards. The form a point towards the tip. The leaves are deeply divided, although forms occur with entire leaves. The leaf stalk is about the same length as the leaf. The flowers are dense fleshy spikes. This is 15-20 cm long. The flower is surrounded by a large green boat shaped bract. The flower spikes contain both sexes where the female flowers are lower. These are followed by fruit. The berry is united into a composite red fruit.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.25 - 1.5
Mature height (meter) 3.75 - 9.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical and subtropical plant. It grows best with warm conditions and high humidity. It is best with light shade. It is damaged by drought and frost. They need good drainage. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In Yunnan. It occurs in the Western Ghats in India.
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A hemiepiphytic vine, climbing on the trunks of trees and into the forest canopy, primarily in disturbed areas and along roadsides; at elevations up to 350 metres.
Generally occurring in regrowth,forest margin or gallery forest; sea level to c. 350 m alt. 
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Starch is extracted from the leaf stalk. CAUTION The sap can irritate the skin.
Uses animal food environmental use food material medicinal
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Dysentery (unspecified), Neuralgia (unspecified), Toothblack (unspecified), Vermifuge(Veterinary) (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is grown from runners which are put in water to form roots. Plants need then to be put in shady humid situations and can be trained to climb up trees. Plants can be grown from fresh seed or from stem cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Epipremnum pinnatum habit picture by Christophe Cerutti (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Epipremnum pinnatum leaf picture by Umit Umit (cc-by-sa)
Epipremnum pinnatum leaf picture by García Julio (cc-by-sa)
Epipremnum pinnatum leaf picture by gina Bo (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Epipremnum pinnatum world distribution map, present in Andorra, Australia, Bangladesh, China, Cook Islands, Dominica, Fiji, Haiti, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Moldova (Republic of), Myanmar, Panama, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, and Samoa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:87046-1
WFO ID wfo-0000952406
COL ID 6FWLX
BDTFX ID 121025
INPN ID 447948
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Epipremnum elegans f. ternatensis Monstera pinnata Pothos caudatus Rhaphidophora crassifolia Rhaphidophora laciniata Rhaphidophora rosenburghii Rhaphidophora vitiensis Rhaphidophora wallichii Scindapsus decursivus Scindapsus forsteri Scindapsus pinnatifidus Monstera caudata Polypodium laciniatum Pothos pinnatifidus Pothos pinnatus Rhaphidophora caudata Rhaphidophora cunninghamii Rhaphidophora dilacerata Rhaphidophora lovellae Rhaphidophora merrillii Rhaphidophora neocaledonica Rhaphidophora pinnata Rhaphidophora pinnatifida Scindapsus bipinnatifidus Scindapsus caudatus Scindapsus pinnatus Monstera dilacerata Epipremnum angustilobum Epipremnum crassifolium Epipremnum elegans Epipremnum formosanum Epipremnum glaucicephalum Epipremnum pinnatum Epipremnum merrillii Epipremnum mirabile Epipremnum mirabile f. multisectum Epipremnum pinnatum f. multisectum Epipremnum robinsonii Philodendron dilaceratum Philodendron nechodomae Tornelia dilacerata Epipremnum mirabile f. eperforatum Scindapsus dilaceratus Pothos decursivus Rhaphidophora formosana Rhaphidophora pertusa var. vitiensis