Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R.br. In Tuckey

Gophertail lovegrass (en), Éragrostis cilié (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Eragrostis

Characteristics

Spikelets 2–4.5 × c. 2 mm, ovate, strongly laterally compressed, 6–12-flowered, the florets disarticulating from the apex downwards, the rhachilla fragile; glumes subequal, 0.7–1.4 mm long, reaching to beyond the middle of the adjacent lemmas, lightly keeled, narrowly lanceolate or narrowly oblong-lanceolate in profile, scabrid on the keel, acute at the apex; lemmas 0.9–1.5 mm long, keeled, oblong-elliptic in profile, membranous with distinct lateral nerves, widely diverging from the rhachilla (greater than 45°), those in opposite rows not imbricate, the rhachilla visible between them, purplish, with a few short stiff hairs on the keel below (most apparent in the uppermost lemmas), otherwise smooth, broadly obtuse and ± obscurely mucronate at the apex; palea glabrous on the flanks, the keels slender, wingless, tuberculate-ciliate with hairs 0.6–0.7 mm long; anthers 2, 0.2–0.4 mm long.
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Tufted annual; culms 5–60 cm. high, erect.. Leaf-blades flat, up to 12 cm. long and 5 mm. wide.. Panicle spike-like, but often ± lobed or interrupted, 1–20 cm. long, woolly, the spikelets densely clustered.. Spikelets 6–12-flowered, ovate, 2–4.5 mm. long, fluffy, often purplish, breaking up from the apex, the rhachilla fragile; glumes lanceolate, subequal, 0.7–1.2 mm. long, acute; lemmas oblong-elliptic, 0.9–1.5 mm. long, the keels (at least in the upper lemmas) bearing a few short stiff hairs, otherwise smooth, broadly obtuse, ± obscurely mucronate; palea-keels tuberculate-ciliate, the hairs 0.6–0.7 mm. long, exceeding the width of the adjacent floret; anthers 2, 0.2 mm. long.. Caryopsis ellipsoid, 0.3–0.5 mm. long.. Fig. 60/2, p. 190.
Annual. Culms slender, tufted, 10–70 cm tall. Leaf sheaths with long silky hairs; ligules a line of ca. 0.4 mm hairs; leaf blades ca. 15 × 0.3 cm, adaxial surface with silky hairs. Panicle purplish, contracted, spikelike. Spikelets ca. 2 mm, many-flowered. Glumes chartaceous, deltoid-lanceolate,1-veined, apex pointed, lower glume slightly shorter than upper glume, upper glume ca. 1 mm. Lemmas chartaceous, 0.8–1.3 mm, midrib of back with short glandular hairs, glabrous to scabrous along the margins, apex mucronate. Palea oblanceolate, chartaceous, equal to lemma, along 2 keels ciliate, cilia longer than the width of the palea. Caryopsis ca. 0.3 mm, the embryo 1/2 the length of the caryopsis. Fl. and fr. in autumn. 2n = 20, 40.
Erect tufted annual, up to 600 mm high. Leaf blade up to 120 x 5 mm; ligule a fringe of hairs. Inflorescence a contracted panicle, often interrupted, spikelets densely clustered. Spikelets 2.0-4.5 x 1.5-2.2 mm wide, usually flushed purple, laterally compressed; rachilla fragile, breaking up from apex downwards; glumes shorter than spikelet, 3-nerved. Florets many; lemma 3-nerved, keels (at least upper ones in spikelets) with stiff hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long, especially towards base; palea keels with hairs 0.5-0.7 mm long, which are exserted from lemma; anthers 2, 0.20-0.25 mm long. Flowering time Jan., Dec.
Erect, tufted annual to 650(750) mm high; culm eglandular. Leaf blade to 120 x to 5 mm. Inflorescence woolly, contracted, often interrupted, lowest branches not whorled; spikelets densely clustered. Spikelet 2.0-4.5 x 1.5-2.2 mm, usually flushed purple, rachilla fragile, breaking up from apex downwards; glumes subequal, keels scabrid; lemma 0.9-1.5 mm long, keel (at least upper lemmas in spikelets) with stiff hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long, especially towards base, lateral nerves distinct; palea keel hairs 0.5-0.7 mm long, bulbous-based, exserted from lemma; anthers 2, 0.20-0.25 mm long; caryopsis elliptic.
Annual; culms slender, branching, erect to decumbent-spreading, 10-40 cm. or rarely as much as 60 cm. high; sheaths glabrous or sparsely papillose-pilose, with a tuft of long hairs at the throat; blades flat, acuminate or attenuate, 4-10 cm. long, 2-4 mm., rarely 5 mm., wide, glabrous or sparsely pilose with long hairs; panicles dense, spike-like, interrupted toward the base, 5-12 cm. long; spikelets 2-3 mm. long, 6-to 10-flowered, nearly sessile; lemmas 1 mm. long; palea con-spicuously ciliate on the keels, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long.
Annual, tufted (erect), up to 0.6 m high. Leaf blades up to 120 mm long, up to 5 mm wide. Spikelets 2.0-4.5 mm long, 1.5-2.2 mm wide. Inflorescence contracted, often interrupted, spikelets densely clustered; spikelets usually flushed with purple, rhachilla fragile, breaking up from apex downwards; lemma keels (at least upper ones in spikelets) with stiff hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long, especially towards base; palea keels with hairs 0.5-0.7 mm long, which are exserted from lemma; anthers 2, 0.20-0.25 mm long.
Loosely caespitose annual; culms up to 60(75) cm tall, erect or ascending, usually unbranched, glabrous at the nodes, eglandular; leaf sheaths eglandular; ligule a line of hairs; leaf laminas 5–20 cm × 1–3(5) mm, linear, flat or involute, glabrous or with scattered long silky hairs, scaberulous, somewhat firm.
A grass. It is a tufted annual. It grows 5-60 cm high. The leaf blade is flat and 12 cm long by 5 mm wide. The flower panicle is like a spike but interrupted. It is 1-20 cm long and woolly. The spikelets have 6-12 flowers. The seeds are up to 0.5 mm long.
Panicle 4–20 cm long, woolly, narrow and spike-like but often lobed and interrupted, the spikelets densely clustered on pedicels 2–4 mm long, the primary branches not in whorls, terminating in a fertile spikelet, glabrous in the axils, eglandular.
Caryopsis 0.3–0.5 mm long, elliptic.
Annual 15–60 cm. high
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.08 - 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

Grassland on river banks and swamp margins, and on coastal and lake-shore dunes, in sandy soils; also a common weed of disturbed ground, old cultivation and roadsides; at elevations from sea-level to over 1,400 metres.
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A tropical plant. It can grow in sandy locations including pure coastal sand. In West Africa it grows from sea level to 1,400 m altitude. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,600 m above sea level.
A common weed of roadsides, cultivated land and waste places.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 4-5
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use food gene source material medicinal social use
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Eragrostis ciliaris world distribution map, present in Aruba, Angola, Åland Islands, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Congo, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Djibouti, Dominica, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Gabon, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Réunion, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Suriname, eSwatini, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1156566-2
WFO ID wfo-0000867558
COL ID 6G9VQ
BDTFX ID 24603
INPN ID 96586
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Andropogon amboinicus Eragrostis ciliaris Eragrostis compta Eragrostis lasseri Eragrostis lobata Poa amboinica Eragrostis arabica Eragrostis boryana Poa ciliaris Poa compta Poa elegans Eragrostis amboinensis Eragrostis amboinicea Erosion ciliare Poa amboinensis Poa elliptica Poa lobata Cynodon ciliaris Macroblepharus contractus Eragrostis pulchella Megastachya boryana Megastachya ciliaris Poa boryana Eragrostis ciliaris subsp. brachystachya Eragrostis ciliaris var. brachystachya Eragrostis ciliaris var. clarkei Eragrostis ciliaris var. compta Eragrostis ciliaris var. latifolia Eragrostis ciliaris var. laxa Eragrostis ciliaris var. ciliaris Eragrostis villosa