Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P.Beauv.

Indian lovegrass (en), Eragrostis poilu (fr), Éragrostide poilue (fr), Éragrostis poilu (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Eragrostis

Characteristics

Tufted annuals, sometimes with glandular striations, tubercles or pustules on culms, leaves, panicle axis below basal branches, and sparsely on panicle branches. Culms erect or decumbent, ±terete, 8–40 (–83) cm high. Leaves mostly glabrous and smooth; ligule a fringe of hairs, 0.3–0.5 mm long; blade straight, to 8 (–14) cm long, flat and 1–4 mm wide or loosely convolute. Panicles contracted or finally open, 5–15 (–30) cm long, 1.5–4 (–15) cm wide; basal axils often bearded; branches 1 (–6)-nate, divided, naked in lower part; basal branches often whorled. Spikelets pedicellate, linear-lanceolate, 2.5–9.5 mm long, 1–1.5 mm wide, purple or olive-green, sometimes cleistogamous; rachilla zig-zagged; florets 4–8 (–19), loosely overlapping; apical floret reduced, often vestigial. Glumes unequal, ovate, hyaline; lower glume 0.2–0.7 mm long; upper glume at least twice as long as lower glume. Lemma deciduous (in Australia), ovate, 1–1.7 mm long, ±obtuse, entire or notched, ±hyaline. Palea deciduous, falling after lemma and grain, hyaline; body oblong-spathulate; keels short and incising palea apex into 3 small lobes, mostly smooth; flaps ±as wide as body. Stamens 3; anthers 0.2–0.3 mm long. Grain strongly compressed, narrowly quadrangular, 0.5–1 mm long, striolate, with a minute stipe.
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Loosely tufted annual to 700 mm high; erect, occasionally geniculate; culm with glands present or absent. Leaf blade 20-200 x 1-4 mm. Inflorescence delicate, open, branches and pedicels slender, usually flexible; lowest branches usually whorled (except small specimens), axils hairy; crateriform glands present or absent; spikelets distant, pedicels 2-6 mm long. Spikelet 3-7 x 0.7-1.2 mm, linear to oblong; florets 4-14; rachilla persistent; lemmas and/or paleas breaking up from base upwards; lemmas on same side of rachilla distinctly overlapping lemma above; glumes very unequal, obtuse; lower glume to 1/3 up lemma above, weakly keeled; upper glume 0.7-1.0 mm long, reaching at least ±1/4 way up lemma above; lemma narrowly ovate in profile, becoming conspicuously shorter towards apex of spikelet; lowest lemma 1.0-1.8 mm long, obtuse to acute, lateral nerves distinct to faint, keels scabrid; palea keels glabrous to scabrid, falling soon after lemma; margins touching for most of the length, definitely overlapping at apex; anthers 3, 0.2-0.3 mm long; caryopsis ellipsoid, back rounded.
Loosely tufted annual; culms 8–70 cm. high, erect or ascending.. Leaf-blades flat, 2–20 cm. long, 1–4 mm. wide.. Panicle elliptic to ovate, 4–25 cm. long, open, the lowest branches whorled (except in the smallest panicles) and nearly always with a few long white hairs in the axil.. Spikelets 4–14-flowered, linear, 3–7 mm. long, 0.7–1.2 mm. wide, purplish green, the florets ± appressed to the rhachilla, breaking up from the base, the rhachilla persistent; glumes hyaline, unequal, the lower a narrowly ovate nerveless scale 0.5–0.7 mm. long, the upper ovate, 1 mm. long, with a single, often indistinct, nerve; lemmas broadly ovate, 1–1.6 mm. long, obtuse to subacute; palea falling soon after the lemma (usually persistent in temperate regions), the keels scaberulous; anthers 3, 0.2–0.3 mm. long.. Caryopsis ellipsoid with one side straight, 0.6–1 mm. long, somewhat laterally compressed.. Fig. 61/1, p. 193.
Spikelets 3–7 × 0.7–1.2 mm, linear, lightly laterally compressed, 4–14-flowered, the florets disarticulating from below upwards, the rhachilla persistent; glumes very unequal, the inferior 0.5–0.7 mm long, reaching to c. 1/5 the way along the adjacent lemma, keeled, lanceolate in profile, glabrous, obtuse at the apex; the superior 0.7–1 mm long, reaching to c. 1/4 the way along the adjacent lemma, keeled, narrowly ovate in profile, glabrous, subacute at the apex; lemmas 1–1.6(1.8) mm long, keeled, narrowly ovate in profile, thinly membranous with distinct lateral nerves, appressed to the rhachilla but those in opposite rows scarcely imbricate and the rhachilla ± visible between them, purplish-green, glabrous, subacute to obtuse at the apex; palea deciduous soon after the lemma, glabrous on the flanks, the keels slender, wingless, scaberulous; anthers 3, 0.2–0.3 mm long.
Loosely tufted, up to 700 mm high, erect, occasionally geniculate annual. Leaf blade 20-200 x 1-4 mm; ligule a fringe of hairs. Inflorescence a delicate, open panicle, branches and pedicels slender, usually flexible, spikelets distant, axils of branches bearded. Spikelets 3-7 x 0.7-1.2 mm, linear to oblong, laterally compressed; lemmas on same side of rachilla distinctly overlapping lemma above and becoming conspicuously shorter towards apex of spikelet; rachilla persistent, lemmas and/or paleas breaking up from base upwards; glumes shorter than spikelet, 1-nerved, weakly keeled. Florets many; lemma broadly ovate, entire, 3-nerved, lateral veins visible, lowest lemma 1.0-1.6 mm long; palea keels glabrous to scabrid; anthers 3, 0.2-0.3 mm long. Flowering time Oct.-May. Caryopsis ellipsoid.
Annual. Culms tufted, erect or geniculate at base, 15–60 cm tall, 1.5–2.5 mm in diam., 4-noded, smooth. Leaf sheaths pilose at summit, compressed, margin submembranous; ligules a line of hairs; leaf blades flat or involute, 6–20 × 0.2–0.3 cm, glabrous. Panicle 10–25 × 3.5–14 cm; branches solitary to verticillate, pilose in axils, usually ascending, pedicels as long or longer than spikelets. Spikelets 3–10 × 1–1.5 mm, 4–14-flowered. Glumes membranous, lanceolate, apex acuminate, lower glume without vein, 0.4–0.9 mm, upper glume 1-veined, 0.7–1.3 mm. Lemmas ovate, apex acute, lower lemma ca. 1.8 mm. Palea ca. 1.5 mm, along keels persistent or tardily deciduous ciliate. Stamens 3; anthers 0.1–0.3 mm. Caryopsis oblong, ca. 0.8 mm. Fl. and fr. Aug–Nov. 2n = 40, 60.
Annual, loosely tufted (erect, occasionally geniculate), up to 0.7 m high. Leaf blades 20-200 mm long, 1-4 mm wide. Spikelets 3-7 mm long, 0.7-1.2 mm wide. Inflorescence delicate, open, branches and pedicels slender and usually flexible, spikelets distant, axils of branches bearded; spikelets linear to oblong, lemmas on same side of rhachilla distinctly overlapping lemma above, lemmas becoming conspicuously shorter towards apex of spikelet, with rhachilla persistent, lemmas and/or paleas breaking up from base upwards; lower glume up to a third the length of lemma above in intact spikelet, weakly keeled; lemma broadly ovate, lateral veins visible, lowest lemma 1.0-1.6 mm long; palea keels glabrous to scabrid; anthers 3.0,2-0.3 mm long. Caryopsis ellipsoid.
Annual; up to 0.7 m high; loosely tufted; erect; occasionally geniculate. Leaf blades 20-200 x 1-4 mm. Flowers: panicle delicate; open; branches and pedicels slender and usually flexible; spikelets distant; axils of branches bearded; spikelets 3-7 x 0.7-1.2 mm; spikelets linear to oblong; lemmas on same side of rachilla distinctly overlapping lemma above; lemmas becoming conspicuously shorter towards apex of spikelet; with rachilla persistent; lemmas and/or paleae breaking up from base upwards; lower glume up to 1/3 length of lemma above in intact spikelet; weakly keeled; lemmas broadly ovate; lateral veins visible; lowest lemma 1.01.6 mm long; palea keels glabrous to scabrid; anthers 3; 0.2-0.3 mm long; caryopsis ellipsoid; rounded on back.
Annual 1-6 dm, erect or ascending from a decumbent base; lvs 1-3 mm wide; sheaths shorter than the internodes; infl 5-20 cm, ellipsoid to ovoid, diffusely branched, the branches at one of the two lowest nodes commonly whorled, seldom merely fascicled or paired; pedicels appressed to more often spreading; spikelets 5-17-fld, 1-2 mm wide; first glume 0.3-0.8 mm, less than half as long as the lowest lemma; lemmas 1.2-1.8 mm, individually deciduous from the persistent rachilla; paleas nearly alwaysdeciduous, sometimes only tardily so; grain pyriform to slightly compressed, 0.5-0.9 mm; 2n=40. Pantropical weed, extending n. in our range to Me., Mich., Wis., and Mo. Ours is var. pilosa. (E. multicaulis; E. peregrina)
Panicle 4–25 cm long, elliptic or ovate, open, the spikelets evenly distributed on pedicels 2–6 mm long, the lowermost primary branches in a whorl (except in smaller specimens), the remainder not so, terminating in a fertile spikelet, thinly long-pilose in the axils (especially, and sometimes only, in the whorled branches), eglandular or sometimes with scattered crateriform glands.
Loosely caespitose annual, culms up to 70 cm tall, erect or ascending, branched or unbranched, glabrous at the nodes, glandular or eglandular; leaf sheaths glabrous; ligule a line of hairs; leaf laminas 2–20 cm × 1–4 mm, linear, flat, glabrous, eglandular.
An annual grass. It can be erect or lie over. It grows 8-40 cm high. The leaf blades are short and narrow. They are 1-3 mm wide. The flowers are in a delicate panicle. They are open and 5-20 cm long.
Annual to 70 cm. Leaves linear. Spikelets distant in a delicate open panicle, axils bearded, 3-7 x ± 1 mm.
Caryopsis 0.6–1 mm long, elliptic but with one side straight, somewhat laterally compressed.
A slender ascending annual 30–60 cm. high, with flexuous panicle branches
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

A subtropical plant. It is widely distributed in the tropics. It grows well in damp places. It can grow on sandy soils. It can grow in hot arid places. It can be in poorly drained soils that are sandy or have clay. It grows from sea level to 2,300 m above sea level. It can tolerate shade. It can grow in arid places.
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Dambo and floodplain grassland, on river sand banks and alluvium and in black basaltic soil, in mopane woodland on clayey soils and in sandveld; also commonly as a weed of cultivated and disturbed places; at elevations from 10-1,700 metres.
A troublesome weed ofrailway tracks, roadsides, gardens, nurseries and habitation; grows in sandyalluvium, loams, and lateritic soils. 
Roadsides, waste places and old fields. Open grasslands in China.
Path sides and fallow land.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 4-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

It is used in kreb a grain mixture eaten in Chad.
Uses animal food fodder food gene source medicinal
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) 18 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Eragrostis pilosa leaf picture by Coline Sure (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Eragrostis pilosa world distribution map, present in Aruba, Afghanistan, Angola, Åland Islands, Albania, Andorra, Australia, Austria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Bahamas, Belarus, Bermuda, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Botswana, Central African Republic, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Congo, Colombia, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czech Republic, Germany, Dominica, Denmark, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Eritrea, Spain, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Greece, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Libya, Morocco, Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Montenegro, Mozambique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Malaysia, Namibia, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Palau, Puerto Rico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Paraguay, Réunion, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, eSwatini, Seychelles, Turks and Caicos Islands, Chad, Togo, Turkmenistan, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1180620-2
WFO ID wfo-0000868222
COL ID 6FZHM
BDTFX ID 24673
INPN ID 96628
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Eragrostis afghanica Eragrostis albensis Eragrostis bagdadensis Eragrostis collocarpa Eragrostis gracilis Eragrostis gracilis Eragrostis longipes Eragrostis multispicula Eragrostis pilosa Eragrostis senegalensis Poa linkii Poa poiretii Poa punctata Poa senegalensis Eragrostis tenuiflora Poa bohemica Poa delicatior Poa pilosa Poa tenella Catabrosa verticillata Eragrostis bithynica Eragrostis gracillima Eragrostis imberbis Eragrostis indica Eragrostis jeholensis Eragrostis petersii Eragrostis punctata Poa chilensis Poa indica Poa plumosa Poa tenuiflora Eragrostis verticillata Eragrostis filiformis Eragrostis bicolor Eragrostis linkii Poa eragrostis Eragrostis verticillata Eragrostis damiensiana var. laxior Eragrostis pilosa subsp. imberbis Eragrostis pilosa subsp. neglecta Eragrostis pilosa var. imberbis Eragrostis pilosa var. major Eragrostis pilosa var. verticillata Eragrostis verticillata var. indica Poa pilosa var. tenuis Eragrostis baguirmiensis Eragrostis pilosa f. imberbis Eragrostis pilosa var. pilosa Eragrostis pilosa var. jeholensis Eragrostis pilosa subsp. subspontanea Poa mexicana Poa verticillata