Erica arborea L.

Briar root (en), Bruyère en arbre (fr), Bruyère arborescente (fr), Bruyère arborée (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ericaceae > Erica

Characteristics

Shrub or tree 0.3– 7.5 m high, trunk diameter to at least 5 cm; much-branched, with ascending branches, the branches red-brown; stems pubescent with short smooth hairs and longer dendritic hairs to 1 mm.. Leaves in whorls of 3– 4, appressedor ascending, needle-like, 2– 6.5 mm long, 0.5– 1 mm wide, margins minutely denticulate, glabrous; petiole 0.4– 0.7 mm long, glabrous.. Flowers clustered towards the end of short lateral branches, where their density may give impression of continuous flowers along branches; pedicels 1.5– 4 mm long, glabrous or rarely with a few hairs, with bract and 2 ciliolate bracteoles to 1.3 mm long below the middle.. Calyx 4-merous, 1.1– 1.9 mm long, the lobes ovate, 0.6– 1.2 mm long, ciliolate (sometimes with dendritic hairs) to glabrous, saccate at base.. Corolla white or pink, campanulate, pendulous, 1.5– 4 mm long, widest at the mouth or almost so; stamens 8, included in corolla, anthers bifid and dehiscing by an oblique pore, with two small dorsal/basal appendages; disc present; ovary glabrous, style 0.5– 2 mm long, stigma capitate, 0.2– 0.5 mm in diameter.. Fruit a glabrous capsule.. Fig. 3.
More
Shrub or small tree to c. 5 m high. Shoots densely hairy or puberulent with copious echinate hairs, especially on young main shoots, occasionally hairs almost simple and very short. Lvs in whorls of 3-4, 3-7 mm long; margins revolute, contiguous and entirely concealing undersurface; apparent or false margin sometimes with hairs giving a serrulate appearance, otherwise lf glabrous; petiole very short. Fls in lateral racemes; racemes often densely arranged so appearing as a terminal panicle. Pedicels 2-3 mm long, glabrous. Bracteoles c. 1 mm long, linear to lanceolate, whitish, inserted on lower 1/2 of pedicel, not reaching calyx, ciliate. Calyx 1-2 mm long, whitish; lobes ovate, ciliolate, obtuse, 2-3× length of tube. Corolla 2.5-4 mm long, urceolate-campanulate, white, glabrous; lobes c. 1 mm long, erect, very broadly ovate. Stamens included; anthers c. 1 mm long, rose or crimson; awns short, echinate or plumose. Style exserted; stigma broad-capitate. Capsule c. 2 mm long, ± broad-oblong, glabrous.
An upright evergreen shrub. It grows 1-4 m tall. The leaves are dark green and needl-like. The flowers are small and bell-shaped. They have a smell like honey.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 1.5 - 2.5
Mature height (meter) 4.0 - 4.55
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.9
Root diameter (meter) 0.35
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a Mediterranean plant. It is best in an acid soil and an open sunny position. It suits hardiness zones 7-9.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 2-5
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

Uses environmental use fuel material medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) 5
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Erica arborea habit picture by Fabien Anthelme (cc-by-sa)
Erica arborea habit picture by Philippe FOURTIER (cc-by-sa)
Erica arborea habit picture by claire Felloni (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Erica arborea leaf picture by Magalie Delalande (cc-by-sa)
Erica arborea leaf picture by alexis joly (cc-by-sa)
Erica arborea leaf picture by Sylvie Dauvillaire (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Erica arborea flower picture by Magalie Delalande (cc-by-sa)
Erica arborea flower picture by alexis joly (cc-by-sa)
Erica arborea flower picture by Poblador Jose Luis (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Erica arborea fruit picture by kappa21 (cc-by-sa)
Erica arborea fruit picture by Alejandra López-Chicheri (cc-by-sa)
Erica arborea fruit picture by Benoit Grolleau (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Erica arborea world distribution map, present in Albania, Australia, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Eritrea, Spain, France, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, India, Italy, Morocco, New Zealand, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Sudan, Chad, Tunisia, Turkey, and Yemen

Conservation status

Erica arborea threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328204-1
WFO ID wfo-0000671391
COL ID 6GL83
BDTFX ID 24729
INPN ID 96659
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Arsace arborea Erica acrophya Erica arborea Erica elata Erica procera Erica scoparia Erica stylosa Ericoides arboreum Erica arborea subsp. parviflora

Lower taxons

Erica arborea subsp. riojana