Erigeron canadensis L.

Canadian horseweed (en), Vergerette du canada (fr), Conyze du Canada (fr), Érigéron du Canada (fr), Vergerette du Canada (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Erigeron

Characteristics

Herbs, annual, 50-100 cm tall or more; root fusiform, fibrous rooted. Stems erect, sparsely hirsute, branched above, densely leafy. Leaves: basal withered at anthesis, lower petiolate, oblanceolate, [2-]6-10 × [0.4-]1-1.5 cm, surfaces or only adaxial sparsely pilose, base attenuate, margin sparsely serrate or entire, apex acute or acuminate; mid and upper subsessile or sessile, blade linear-lanceolate or linear, smaller, margin entire or rarely 1-or 2-toothed. Capitula 3-4 mm in diam., numerous, in terminal, large paniculiform synflorescences; peduncles slender, 5-10 mm. Involucre subcylindric, 2.5-4 mm; phyllaries 2-or 3-seriate, greenish, abaxially sparsely strigose [or glabrous], linear-lanceolate or linear, acuminate, outer ca. 1/2 as long as inner, inner 3-3.5 × ca. 0.3 mm, margin scarious, glabrous. Ray florets 20-30(-45), white, 2.5-3.5 mm, lamina slightly longer than disk floret, apex 2-denticulate; disk florets 8-30, yellowish, 2.5-3 mm, tube sparsely puberulent, lobes 4 or 5. Achenes linear-lanceoloid, compressed, 1-1.5 mm, sparsely strigillose. Pappus 1-seriate, dirty white, bristles 15-25, 2.5-3 mm. Fl. May-Sep.
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Annual herb, up to 1.5 m high; erect. Stems with lateral branches never overtopping main axis, the whole forming a pyramidal, compound inflorescence. Leaves alternate; blade linear or very narrowly elliptic, up to 40 x 5 mm, apex acute, base narrowed, petiole-like, margins entire, ciliate, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Heads minutely radiate, ± 5 mm in diameter, grouped in terminal, lax, leafy panicles. Involucral bracts ± 4-seriate, imbricate, linear, margins of middle rows light-coloured and broader than central darker portion. Flowers: ray florets in several rows, tiny, white or mauve-tinged; disc florets with corollas mostly 4-lobed, whitish or pale yellow; Dec.-Feb. Fruit with cypsela narrowly elliptic, compressed, thinly hairy. Pappus of many, uniseriate, whitish or straw-coloured, barbellate bristles.
A glabrous or sparsely hairy erect herb up to 1.5 m tall, stems very leafy, usually simple below, branching above into an elongated thyrsoid panicle. Leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate, usually up to c. 4 x 0.5 cm, narrowed to a petiole-like base, often with a falcate twist clearly seen in living plants, margins entire or toothed, commonly ciliate. Heads usually about 5 mm across when pressed, with tiny white or mauve-tinged rays easily seen in living material. Involucral bracts in c. 4 series, linear-lanceolate, midline with immersed oil sacs, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Achenes c. 1.5 mm, narrowly elliptic, compressed, thinly hairy, margins thickened. Pappus of whitish scabridulous bristles.
Glabrous or sparsely hairy, annual herb, up to 1.5 m high; lateral branches never overtopping main axis, the whole forming a pyramidal compound inflorescence. Leaves alternate, linear or narrowly lanceolate, margins entire or denticulate, ciliate. Capitula minutely radiate, ± 5 mm in diam. Ray florets white or mauve-tinged, multiseriate. Disc florets tubular. Flowering time Dec.-Apr. Pappus of scabrous bristles, straw-coloured. Cypselae narrowly elliptic, compressed, thinly hairy.
An annual herb. It grows to 1 m tall and spreads to 50 cm across. The stem is erect, hairy and unbranched. The leaves are one after another along the stem and are entire. The lower leaves have leaf stalks and may have teeth around the edge. The leaves are thin and narrow. They are 5 cm long. The flowers are green or pale purple. They occur in clusters at the end of the plant. The bracts around the flower heads are free of hairs. The fruit are downy.
Herb, up to 1.5 m high. Leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, ciliate. Lateral branches never overtopping main axis, the whole forming a pyramidal compound inflorescence. Heads ± 5 mm in diameter. Pappus straw-coloured. Flowers with white or mauve-tinged rays.
Leaves entire, margins generally long-hirsute; capitula subradiate, corollas of marginal florets subradiate; central colored portion of mid-series phyllaries generally narrower than the light-colored phyllary margin; disk corollas generally 4-lobed.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 0.3 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system fibrous-root tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.2
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows in warm temperate places. It can tolerate drought and frost. It does best in a light to medium soil and an open, sunny position. It grows best in damp soils and high rainfall areas. It can grow in arid places. Tasmania Herbarium. In Yunnan. In China it grows from sea level to 3,000 m above sea level. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
Light 5-9
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

The young seedlings are boiled and eaten. They are also cooked with rice. They can be dried for later use. An essential oil is used to flavour soft drinks. The ground leaves are used to flavour porridge.
Uses essential oil food food additive fuel material medicinal poison
Edible leaves seeds stems
Therapeutic use Anti-inflammatory agents (aerial part), Antidiarrheal (leaf), Antifungal agents (shoot), Astringent (unspecified), Catarrh (unspecified), Cystitis (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Eczema (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Kidney (unspecified), Lung (unspecified), Parturition (unspecified), Ringworm (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Uterus (unspecified), Metrorrhagia (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Sauna (unspecified), Diabetes (unspecified), Analgesics (unspecified), Anti-arrhythmia agents (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Anti-infective agents, local (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Central nervous system diseases (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Hemostasis (unspecified), Hypotension (unspecified), Intestinal diseases (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Kidney calculi (unspecified), Kidney diseases (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Respiratory system agents (unspecified), Uterine hemorrhage (unspecified), Vasoconstrictor agents (unspecified), Astringents (whole plant), Common cold (whole plant), Cystitis (whole plant), Diarrhea (whole plant), Diuretics (whole plant), Dysentery (whole plant), Hemorrhage (whole plant), Hemostasis (whole plant), General tonic for rejuvenation (whole plant), Uterine hemorrhage (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 20
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Erigeron canadensis habit picture by Miguel Angel Renza (cc-by-sa)
Erigeron canadensis habit picture by Stefano Lazzaretti (cc-by-sa)
Erigeron canadensis habit picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Erigeron canadensis leaf picture by Theo Kint (cc-by-sa)
Erigeron canadensis leaf picture by Shehadi Ramiz (cc-by-sa)
Erigeron canadensis leaf picture by Lampisti Edoardo (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Erigeron canadensis flower picture by Jen Marie (cc-by-sa)
Erigeron canadensis flower picture by Françoise (cc-by-sa)
Erigeron canadensis flower picture by Isabelle Demoulin (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Erigeron canadensis fruit picture by Jean-René Girardeau (cc-by-sa)
Erigeron canadensis fruit picture by Claire Breit (cc-by-sa)
Erigeron canadensis fruit picture by Herrero Pere (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Erigeron canadensis world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bulgaria, Bahamas, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, Canada, Switzerland, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cayman Islands, Czech Republic, Germany, Dominica, Denmark, Algeria, Ecuador, Spain, Estonia, Finland, Fiji, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Gibraltar, Guadeloupe, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guam, Honduras, Croatia, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Saint Lucia, Liechtenstein, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), Mexico, Marshall Islands, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Martinique, Mauritius, Nicaragua, Niue, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Puerto Rico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Réunion, Romania, Russian Federation, El Salvador, Serbia, Suriname, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, eSwatini, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States Minor Outlying Islands, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:203653-1
WFO ID wfo-0000015917
COL ID 6GNBD
BDTFX ID 24880
INPN ID 96749
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Senecio ciliatus Leptilon pusillum Erigeron canadensis Conyza parva Marsea canadensis Trimorpha canadensis Erigeron ruderalis Inula canadensis Conyza canadensis Erigeron canadensis f. canadensis Erigeron strictus Aster canadensis Caenotus pusillus Erigeron pusillus Conyzella canadensis Tessenia canadensis Caenotus canadensis Leptilon canadense Erigeron myriocephalus Erigeron paniculatus Leptilon canadense var. canadense Erigeron canadense var. pusillus Erigeron canadensis var. glabratus Erigeron canadensis var. levis Conyza canadensis var. pusilla Erigeron canadensis var. canadensis Conyza canadensis var. glabrata Erigeron canadensis var. pusillus Conyza canadensis var. simplex Conyza canadensis var. obovoidea Conyza canadensis var. incisa Conyza canadensis var. robusta