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Usually annual to perennial herbs, rarely shrubs. Lvs alternate, simple, entire, serrate or lobed. Capitula 1-numerous, solitary or in corymbs or panicles. Involucral bracts in 2-4 rows, imbricate, the outer somewhat herbaceous, the inner mostly chartaceous. Receptacle flat or convex; scales 0. Outer florets ♀, mostly distinctly ligulate, numerous in 1-2 rows, sometimes the inner ♀ florets filiform; ligules white to pink, blue or purple. Inner florets ☿, tubular, numerous. Achenes usually all similar, sometimes dimorphic, obovoid, compressed, hairy, sometimes with 1-4 narrow ribs; pappus usually of scabrid hairs in 1 row, sometimes with a short outer row of scales or hairs and then rarely the long hairs lacking on ray achenes.
Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate or rosulate, entire or lobed. Capitula solitary or few together on terminal peduncles, radiate; receptacle flat, epaleate. Ray florets 1–2-seriate, female; disc florets many, hermaphrodite or the outermost female, tubular or funnel-shaped with 5 lobes, style-appendages lanceolate to broadly triangular. Achenes terete or compressed; pappus mostly double, an outer row of scales (sometimes absent), an inner row of fine bristles
