Eriosema psoraleoides (Lam.) G.Don

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Eriosema

Characteristics

Perennial shrub or subshrub, 0.6-2.0 m tall. Stems erect or suberect, single or few arising from woody rootstock, finely pubescent. Branches angular, strongly ribbed; softly white pubescent or fulvocanescent, tomentose, more so on ridges, giving a characteristic zebra effect; densely or lightly intermingled with numerous small white to yellow glands, orange in older material. Leaves trifoliolate. Stipules free, up to 5 mm long, often minute, patent or sharply down-flexed, becoming scariose even before subtended leaf expands. Petioles 1-4(5) mm long. Leaflets (3.0) 4.5-9.0 (9.5) cm long, 1.5-2.2(2.8) cm wide, laterals smaller; subcoriaceous; narrow obovate (2:1) to narrow oblanceolate (6:1), or elliptic (2:1) to narrow elliptic (3:1), or oblong (2:1) to narrow oblong (3:1), base cuneate; margin almost revolute; apex rounded or obtuse, less often acute or emarginate; terminal leaflet symmetrical, laterals almost symmetrical, base not oblique; finely sericeous above, characteristically penninerved, discoloured, velutinous beneath giving either a very smooth silvery appearance or a buff and grey appearance; numerous orange glands present, often obscured by dense indumentum. Young leaflets hoary. Petiolules 2.0-3.0 mm long, more densely hairy than petiole or rachis, slightly swollen often glandular. Rachis 1-5 mm long. Racemes 10-50-flowered; subdistichous, usually lax; peduncles 2.5-4.0 cm long, nearly always less than one third of raceme, finely pubescent, rachis 6.0-9.5 cm long. Flowers yellow, 11-13 mm long, about 5 mm wide. Pedicels ±2 mm, semi-erect 30° to axis. Pedicel bract 2.0-5.0 mm long, deciduous at bud stage. Calyx 4.0-5.5 (6.0) mm long, less than half the length of flower, lobes all equal, teeth length ± equal to tube, triangular or minaret shaped, with keel tooth sometimes narrower; puberulous inside, shortly pubescent or sericeous outside, with dense orange glands or eglandular. Standard 10.3-12.1 mm long,(7.7)8.0-10.3 mm wide; wide obovate (1.2:1); apex retuse; glabrate or lightly puberulous; claw 1.9-2.0(2.7) mm long, width between auricles 3.4-5.0 mm, auricles 0.5 mm wide, prominent; appendages absent. Wings 10.1-11.5 mm long, 2.1-2.7 (3.0) mm wide; oblong (2:1) to lorate (6:1), cultrate, narrower than but same length as keel blades; claw 2.0-3.0 (3.5) mm long; auricle 1.7-2.0 (3.0) mm high; heel present. Keel blades (9.8) 10.0-11.0(11.4) mm long, (4.1) 4.7-5.8 mm wide; deep pocketed beneath auricle; oblong (2:1); apex subacuate to rounded; claw 2.1-3.2 mm long; auricle (1.8)2.0-3.0 mm high; covered with numerous small orange glands, often with scattered hairs along base line. Staminal sheath 9.0-10.5 mm long, (2.5)3.5-4.0 mm wide, oblong (2.1); vexillar stamen (8.8) 9.1-11.2 mm long, knee up to 2 mm long. Gynoecium 9.5-11.0 mm long; ovary 3.5-4.0 mm long with 0.5-1.0 mm stalk, densely hairy and glandular but hairs hardly exceeding ovary; style very long, partly hairy on base line, incrassated at point of upward flexure; curvature 3.0-3.8(4.0) mm high, stigma very small, semi-globose, inward angled or erect, inserted. Discoid floral nectary 0.5-0.9 mm high, margin smooth, slightly wavy. Fruit wide ovate (1.2:1) to very wide oblong (1.2:1), 13-14 mm long, (7) 9-10 mm wide, coriaceous; beak down-turned, up to 1 mm long; densely white or ferruginous villous haired, hairs erect on margins, mostly appressed on sides. Seeds khaki or chestnut brown, 5.4-5.9 mm long, 3.4-3.9 mm wide, 1.9-2.0 mm thick, rim-aril cream. Eriosema psoraleoides can produce flowers all year round but its flowering is heaviest between October to May with peaks between October to December and March to May.
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Erect, branched subshrub or woody herb, 0·75–2·4(–3·6) m. tall.. Branches strongly ribbed, shortly densely brownish hairy, often ± velvety and covered with small orange-red glands.. Leaflets 3, paler beneath, narrowly elliptic, elliptic-oblong or obovate-elliptic, 2·3–9·5 cm. long, 0·8–3·5(–4) cm. wide, rounded and mueronulate, emarginate or rarely acute at the apex, cuneate, finely to densely velvety pubescent above, velvety beneath, the venation prominent and usually with buff hairs, the rest of the leaflet surface with silvery or ferruginous tomentum or slightly coarser indumentum; petiole 1–5 mm. long; rhachis 1–8 mm. long; petiolules 1–3 mm. long.. Racemes many-flowered, terminal and axillary; rhachis (2–)6–12 cm. long; peduncle 1–3 cm. long; pedicels 2 mm. long.. Calyx adpressed pilose or pubescent, usually glandular, 3·5–7 mm. long; lobes triangular or narrowly triangular, equalling the tube.. Corolla deep golden-yellow; standard obovate, 0·7–1·4 cm. long, glabrous or rarely with a few hairs outside, glandular; keel paler yellow, glandular.. Pods suborbicular, oval or oval-oblong, often oblique, 1·1–1·8 cm. long, 0·9–1·1 cm. wide, covered with long ferruginous hairs.. Seeds dark reddish-brown or pinkish buff with blue-black mottling, shiny, longest dimension 4·5–5·2 mm., shorter dimension 2·5–3·5 mm., 1–1·5 mm. thick; rim-aril creamy brown.
Erect, branched subshrub or woody herb, 0.75-2.4(3.6) m tall. Branches strongly ribbed, shortly densely brownish hairy, often ± velvety and covered with small orange-red glands. Leaflets 3 or occasionally some lower leaves 1-foliolate, paler beneath, 2.3-9.5 x 0.8-3.5(4) cm, narrowly elliptic, elliptic-oblong or obovate-elliptic, rounded and mucronulate, emarginate or rarely acute at the apex, cuneate, finely to densely velvety pubescent above, velvety beneath, the venation prominent and usually with buff hairs, the rest of the leaflet surface with silvery or ferruginous tomentum or slightly coarser indumentum; petiole 1-5 mm long; rhachis 1-8 mm long; petiolules 1-3 mm long. Racemes many-flowered, terminal and axillary; rhachis (2)6-12 cm long; peduncle 1-3 cm long; pedicels 2 mm long. Calyx appressed pilose or pubescent, usually glandular, 3.5-7 mm long; lobes triangular or narrowly triangular, equalling the tube. Corolla deep golden-yellow; standard 7-14 mm long, obovate, glabrous or rarely with a few hairs outside, glandular; keel paler yellow, glandular. Pods 1.1-1.8 x 0.9-1.1 cm, subcircular, ovate or elliptic-oblong, often oblique, covered with long ferruginous hairs. Seeds dark reddish-brown or pinkish-buff with blue-black mottling, shiny, 4.5-5.2 x 2.5-3.5 x 1-1.5 mm; rim aril creamy-brown.
Leaflets 3 or occasionally some lower leaves 1-foliolate, paler beneath, 2.3–9.5 × 0.8–3.5(4) cm, narrowly elliptic, elliptic-oblong or obovate-elliptic, rounded and mucronulate, emarginate or rarely acute at the apex, cuneate, finely to densely velvety pubescent above, velvety beneath, the venation prominent and usually with buff hairs, the rest of the leaflet surface with silvery or ferruginous tomentum or slightly coarser indumentum; petiole 1–5 mm long; rhachis 1–8 mm long; petiolules 1–3 mm long.
A herb or shrub. It is tall and erect. It can be 2 m tall. There are dense grey hairs on the stems and under the leaves. The leaves have 3 leaflets. These are sword shaped and 6 cm long by 1.2 cm wide. They have a small tip. There are many flowers. These are close together on short flower shoots. They are yellow. The fruit are rough pods. They are 1.5 cm long by 8 mm wide.
Corolla deep golden-yellow; standard 7–14 mm long, obovate, glabrous or rarely with a few hairs outside, glandular; keel paler yellow, glandular.
Calyx appressed pilose or pubescent, usually glandular, 3.5–7 mm long; lobes triangular or narrowly triangular, equalling the tube.
Seeds dark reddish-brown or pinkish-buff with blue-black mottling, shiny, 4.5–5.2 × 2.5–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm; rim aril creamy-brown.
Pods 1.1–1.8 × 0.9–1.1 cm, subcircular, ovate or elliptic-oblong, often oblique, covered with long ferruginous hairs.
Branches strongly ribbed, shortly densely brownish hairy, often ± velvety and covered with small orange-red glands.
Racemes many-flowered, terminal and axillary; rhachis (2)6–12 cm long; peduncle 1–3 cm long; pedicels 2 mm long.
Erect, branched subshrub or woody herb, 0.75–2.4(3.6) m tall.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.05 - 1.75
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows below 1,950 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places.
Light -
Soil humidity 10-12
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The pods are picked when they are mature and have started to shrivel then the seeds are lightly boiled before eating. The seeds are cooked with maize meal.
Uses animal food environmental use food medicinal poison
Edible fruits roots seeds
Therapeutic use Piscicide (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Eriosema psoraleoides unspecified picture
Eriosema psoraleoides unspecified picture

Distribution

Eriosema psoraleoides world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Benin, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Thailand, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:494133-1
WFO ID wfo-0000195396
COL ID 6H373
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Eriosema psoraleoides Eriosema cajanoides Eriosema proschii Crotalaria psoraleoides Rhynchosia psoraloides Rhynchosia cajanoides Eriosema psoraloides Rhynchosia polystachya Eriosema macrophyllum Eriosema incanum Crotalaria psoraloides Rhynchosia psoraleoides

Lower taxons

Eriosema psoraleoides var. grandiflorum