Erysimum cheiri Crantz

Wallflower (en), Giroflée des murailles (fr), Violier jaune (fr), Violier des murailles (fr), Vélar violier (fr), Vélar giroflée (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Erysimum

Characteristics

Biennials or subshrubs. Tri-chomes of leaves 2-rayed, rarely mixed with fewer 3-rayed ones apically. Stems erect, unbranched or branched distally, (woody at base when subshrubs), 1.5-8 dm. Basal leaves (rosulate when biennial, often withered by fruiting), similar to cauline. Cauline leaves petiolate; blade (obovate to oblanceolate, 4-22 cm × 3-12 mm, base cuneate to attenuate), margins entire to repand. Racemes considerably elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels divaricate-ascending to ascend-ing, slender, narrower than fruit, 7-13 mm. Flowers: sepals oblong, 6-10 mm, lateral pair not or slightly saccate basally; petals orange, yellow, brown, red, purple, violet, or white, broadly obovate to suborbicular, 20-35 × 5-10 mm, claw 7-12 mm, apex rounded; median filaments 7-9 mm; anthers linear, 2.5-3.5 mm. Fruits ascending, narrowly linear, straight, not torulose, 3-10 cm × 2-7 mm, latiseptate to terete, not striped; valves with prominent midvein, pubescent outside, trichomes 2-rayed, glabrous inside; ovules 32-44 per ovary; style cylindrical or subconical, slender, 0.5-4 mm, pubescent; stigma strongly 2-lobed, lobes much longer than wide. Seeds ovate, 2-4 × 1.5-3 mm; wing continuous or distal. 2n = 12.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Walls, cliffs and rocks, often near the sea in Britain.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-9
Soil acidity 4-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-9

Usage

Uses essential oil medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Anti-inflammatory agents (flower), Cathartics (flower), Erectile dysfunction (flower), Liver diseases (flower), Menstruation-inducing agents (flower), Osteosarcoma (flower), Paralysis (flower), Parasympatholytics (flower), General tonic for rejuvenation (flower), Uterine neoplasms (flower), Adenocarcinoma, scirrhous (root), Anti-bacterial agents (seed), Antineoplastic agents (seed), Aphrodisiacs (seed), Appetite stimulants (seed), Asthma (seed), Bronchitis (seed), Diuretics (seed), Expectorants (seed), Eye diseases (seed), Fever (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Antispermatogenic agents (stem), Contraceptive agents (stem), Anti-infective agents (unspecified), Cardiovascular agents (unspecified), Enema (unspecified)
Human toxicity strong toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 10 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 20
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Erysimum cheiri unspecified picture
Erysimum cheiri unspecified picture

Distribution

Erysimum cheiri world distribution map, present in Canada, France, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:283703-1
WFO ID wfo-0001216667
COL ID 3BBH8
BDTFX ID 25436
INPN ID 97185
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Erysimum cheiri