Erythrococca atrovirens Prain

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Erythrococca

Characteristics

A weakly ascending or scandent deciduous shrub or small tree up to 4.5 m. tall.. Bark smooth, light grey.. Twigs pale greyish brown, sparingly lenticellate.. Young shoots and petioles sparingly, evenly or densely yellow pubescent.. Petioles (0.5–) 1–1.5(–2) cm. long, sometimes with 2 small conical orange-brown glands asymmetrically arranged near the top; leaf-blade ovate, elliptic-ovate, elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, (5–)8–13(–17) cm. long, (2–)3–7(–9) cm. wide, abruptly acutely long-acuminate, narrowly to broadly cuneate or rounded at the base, somewhat irregularly denticulate to subentire, membranous, lateral nerves 4–6 pairs, ascending, not or weakly looped, scarcely prominent above, slightly so beneath, sparingly pubescent to subglabrous and more evenly pubescent along the midrib and main nerves above, evenly pubescent and more densely so along the midrib and main nerves beneath, mid-green above, paler beneath, never becoming purplish.. Stipules minute, conical-cylindric, not aculeate nor becoming indurated, 0.5–0.7 mm. long, not accrescent, yellowish, soon caducous.. Male inflorescences simply racemose, (1–)2–4(–5) cm. long, long-pedunculate, pendulous; peduncle and axis evenly pubescent; bracts minute, resembling the stipules, glabrous.. Male flowers: pedicels capillary, 3–13 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, articulate near the base; calyx-lobes (3–)4(–5), broadly ovate-suborbicular, 1.5 mm. long and broad, subacute or obtuse, sparingly pubescent to subglabrous or glabrous without, glabrous within, greenish white, translucent; extrastaminal glands 0, or rarely developed, interstaminal glands minute, rounded, tipped with a few small hairs; stamens 25–40, outer 7–10, the rest central, 0.7 mm. long, anthers white or yellowish.. Female inflorescences simply racemose, 2–5 cm. long, long-pedunculate, peduncle and axis evenly to densely pubescent; bracts narrowly triangular-lanceolate, 0.5 mm. long, acute, glabrous.. Female flowers: pedicels 1–3 mm. long, sparingly pubescent or glabrous, articulate at the base; calyx-lobes 2(–3), broadly ovate, ± enclosing the ovary, 1–1.5 mm. long, 0.7–1 mm. wide, acute, glabrous or subglabrous, pale green; disc-glands 2, excentric, scale-like, ± united around the base of the ovary, suborbicular or transversely ovate, 0.5 mm. long, 0.5–1 mm. wide, rounded, glabrous; ovary bilobate (rarely trilobate), 1 mm. diameter, glabrous; styles 2, rarely 3, united at the base into a short column, 1 mm. long, divaricate-spreading at first, later recurved, stigmas smooth.. Fruit dicoccous, didymous, rarely tricoccous or by abortion monococcous, the cocci 4–6 mm. diameter, glabrous, pale green. Columella laterally compressed.. Seeds 3–4 mm. diameter, shallowly and rather coarsely foveolate-reticulate, aril orange-red.
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Male flowers: pedicels up to 1.3 cm long, capillary, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, jointed near the base; buds 1.5–2 mm in diameter, oblate, slightly apiculate, truncate at the base, glabrous or subglabrous; calyx lobes 4(5), 1.5 × 1.5 mm, broadly triangular-ovate, acute or subacute, greenish-white, translucent; extrastaminal glands absent or rarely developed, interstaminal glands numerous, minute, rounded, hair-tipped; stamens 25–40, 7–10 outer, the rest central, 0.7 mm long, anthers yellowish-white.
Leaf blades 5–10 × 3–5 cm, ovate, acuminate, subentire, rounded or truncate at the base, membranous, sparingly pubescent on upper surface but more evenly so along the midrib and main nerves, evenly so beneath and densely so along the midrib and main nerves, medium green above, paler beneath; lateral nerves in 4–6 pairs, ascending, not or weakly-looped, not prominent above, slightly so beneath.
Female flowers: pedicels 1–3 mm long, glabrous, jointed near the base; calyx lobes 2(3), 1.5 × 1 mm, broadly ovate, enclosing the ovary, acute, glabrous, pale green; disk glands 2, 0.5 × 0.5–1 mm, suborbicular; ovary 1 mm in diameter, 2-lobed, glabrous; styles 2(3), 1 mm long, united at the base, divaricate-spreading, later recurved, stigmas smooth.
A shrub. It grows 2.5 m high. The wood is soft. Young growth has yellowish hair. The leaf blades are 5-10 cm long by 3-5 cm wide. There are hairs especially underneath. There are 4-6 pairs of side veins. Male flower shoots are 5 cm long. Female flower shoots are 2-3 cm long. The fruit are 4-6 mm long by 5-10 mm wide. The seeds are 3-4 mm across.
Female inflorescences 2–3 cm long, the peduncle up to 2 cm long, racemose, 10–12-flowered, sparingly pubescent; bracts 1 mm long, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, acute, glabrous.
Fruit 4–6 × 5 or 10 mm, didymous, or by abortion subglobose, glabrous, pale green. Columella laterally compressed.
Male inflorescences up to 5 cm long, racemose, long-pedunculate, pendulous; bracts minute, glabrous.
Stipules minute, conic-cylindric, not aculeate nor becoming hardened, yellowish-brown.
Seeds 3–4 mm in diameter, coarsely shallowly foveolate-reticulate, aril orange-red.
Young growth evenly to densely yellowish-pubescent.
A shrub up to 2.5 m high.
Twigs pale greyish-brown.
Petioles 5–10 mm long.
Wood soft.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.75
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Evergreen forest, edges and associated bushland; along rivers and lake sides; dry evergreen thicket (mateshi) of Marquesia woodland; at elevations from 1,000-2,100 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It occurs in equatorial Africa. It grows in dry evergreen woodland.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The leaves are cooked and eaten as a leafy vegetable. They add flavour.
Uses food gene source medicinal
Edible fruits leaves pods
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Erythrococca atrovirens world distribution map, present in Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, and Zambia

Conservation status

Erythrococca atrovirens threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:345347-1
WFO ID wfo-0000953989
COL ID 6H3MY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Athroandra atrovirens Claoxylon atrovirens Claoxylon flaccidum Claoxylon oleraceum Claoxylon inaequilaterum Claoxylon schweinfurthii Erythrococca atrovirens Erythrococca flaccida Erythrococca oleracea Athroandra atrovirens var. schweinfurthii Erythrococca atrovirens var. atrovirens

Lower taxons

Erythrococca atrovirens var. flaccida