Erythrococca menyharthii Prain

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Erythrococca

Characteristics

A shrub (1–)1.5–3 m. tall.. Bark light grey, shallowly fissured.. Twigs sparing lenticellate, pale greyish brown at first, later becoming dark grey.. Young shoots and petioles softly pilose, later glabrescent.. Petioles 1–4(–6) mm. long, strongly canaliculate above, often with 1–2 small conical glands at the top; leaf-blade ovate, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, 2.5–7(–12) cm. long, 1–4(–6) cm. wide, acute or subacute and shortly acuminate, obliquely rounded-cuneate to rounded-truncate, shallowly and remotely denticulate, firmly membranous to thinly chartaceous, lateral nerves 4–5 pairs, ascending, looped, not prominent above or beneath, sparingly softly pubescent above, more densely so below, especially along the midrib and main nerves, dark green, slightly shiny above, not becoming purplish.. Stipules scarcely aculeate and indurated, 1 mm. long, conical, slightly accrescent, brownish.. Male inflorescences interruptedly racemose, with the flowers in 2–4 clusters along the axis, 1.5–3.5 cm. long; peduncle 0.7–1.5 cm. long, softly pubescent; bracts ovate or triangular-ovate, 0.5 mm. long, ciliate.. Male flowers: pedicels slender, flexuous, 3–5(–9) mm. long, sparingly pubescent, articulate three-quarters from the base; calyx in bud conical-subglobose, prominently white-apiculate, lobes 4–5(–6), ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, acute, sparingly pubescent without, glabrous within, pale green, translucent; extrastaminal disc-glands ± fused together to form a crenulate annulus or else several, free, clavate, with terminal hairs or glabrous, dark green; interstaminal disc-glands 1–2(–7) or 0, erect, clavate, with a few long hairs at the apex; stamens (2–)4–5(–8) with 0–6 peripheral and 0–2 central, 0.3 mm. long, anthers yellowish.. Female inflorescences simply racemose, few-flowered, (0.5–)1–2(–3) cm. long; peduncle and axis patent-pubescent; bracts ± as in ♂.. Female flowers: pedicels thicker than in ♂, 1–2 mm. long, lengthening slightly in fruit, evenly pubescent, articulate near the base; calyx-lobes 3(–4), broadly triangular-ovate, 0.7 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, subacute, evenly pubescent without, glabrous within, pale green; disc-glands 3, triangular-lanceolate, 0.7 mm. long, acute, glabrous, petaloid; ovary trilobate, 1–1.5 mm. diameter, sparingly strigose to subglabrous; styles free, 1.5 mm. long, spreading or recurved, stigmas laciniate throughout.. Fruit usually tricoccous, or sometimes by abortion di-or monococcous, the cocci 5 mm. diameter, sparingly pubescent to subglabrous, pale green.. Seeds 4 mm. diameter, reticulate, aril reddish orange.
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Leaf blades 2–10 × 1–6 cm, ovate, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-ovate, acutely to obtusely acuminate at the apex, subentire to coarsely and usually remotely serrate-dentate on the margin, cuneate, rounded or truncate at the base usually with 2–4 subulate stipelliform glands at or near the base, membranous at first, later thinly chartaceous, sparingly softly pubescent on upper surface, especially on the midrib and main nerves, more evenly so beneath, yellowish-green; lateral nerves in 4–5 pairs, ascending, looped or not, not prominent.
Male flowers: pedicels slender, flexuous, lengthening to c. 5 mm at anthesis, sparingly pubescent; buds 1 mm in diameter, ovoid-conic, apiculate, evenly pubescent; calyx lobes 4–5, 1–1.2 × 0.5–0.8 mm, ovate-lanceolate, acute, pale yellowish-green, translucent; extrastaminal disk of 8–9 unequal free or irregularly-fused glands, glabrous or with 1–2 hairs each; interstaminal glands (0)1–2, rarely more, subglobose to subclavate; stamens 2–3(5), rarely more, subsessile, anthers less than 0.5 mm across.
A straggly shrub. It grows 1-3 m high. It has a lose open crown. The bark is pale grey, smooth and flaking. The wood is soft. Young growth has soft hairs. The leaf blades are 2-10 cm long by 1-6 cm wide. They are oval or sword shaped. The male flower clusters are 1-5 cm long. The female flower clusters are 1-3 cm long. The fruit are 4 mm long by 9 mm wide. It can have 3 lobes. They are red when ripe. The seeds are 3-4 mm across.
Female flowers: pedicels 1–2 mm long, pubescent; calyx lobes 3(4), 1–1.5 × 1–1.2 mm, suborbicular-ovate, subacute or obtuse, sparingly pubescent without, glabrous within, pale green; disk glands 3, 0.5 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous; ovary 1 mm in diameter, 3-lobed, evenly puberulous; styles 3, c. 1 mm long, united only at the base, spreading or recurved, stigmas laciniate.
Shrub, up to 3 m high. Leaf blade shallowly and remotely denticulate, firmly membranous to thinly chartaceous. Stamens 2-8. Stigmas laciniate; ovary 3-lobate, sparingly strigose to glabrous. Flowers green.
Male inflorescences 1–5 cm long, with the peduncle up to 2 cm long, interruptedly racemose to subglomerulate; bracts 0.5 mm long, triangular-ovate, ciliate.
Fruit 4 × 9 mm, generally tricoccous, rarely di-or monococcous by abortion, sparingly pubescent, rarely subglabrous, pale green at first, darker later.
Female inflorescences 1–3 cm long, with the peduncle up to 2.5 cm long, simply racemose, few-flowered.
Stipules 1–2.5 mm long, subulate-filiform, not or scarcely aculeate and hardened, yellowish-brown.
Branches not usually exceeding 4 cm in diameter at the base.
A straggly subshrub 0.5–3 m tall with a loose, open crown.
Seeds 3–4 mm in diameter, reticulate, aril reddish-orange.
Young growth softly puberulous or pilose.
Twigs pale grey, white-lenticellate.
Bark pale grey, smooth, flaking.
Petioles 1–6 mm long.
Wood soft.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.25 - 3.0
Root system -
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Flower color
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Fruit color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Deciduous bushland, often as a constituent of thickets; Baikiaea woodland; dense riverine thicket and thicket on floodplain termitaria; dry mopane woodland; forest margins; usually on sandy and rocky soils; at elevations from 300-1,850 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in sandy soils and Kalahari sands. It grows 300-1,050 m altitude. It can grow in arid places.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The leaves are eaten as a green vegetable. They are also added to soups. The fruit are eaten fresh.
Uses food food additive gene source medicinal
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
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Distribution

Erythrococca menyharthii world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Erythrococca menyharthii threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:345364-1
WFO ID wfo-0000954012
COL ID 6H3MN
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Claoxylon menyharthii Claoxylon virens Erythrococca menyharthii Erythrococca microphyllina