Erythrococca polyandra Prain

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Erythrococca

Characteristics

A shrub or small tree up to 4–6 m. tall.. Twigs very pale greyish brown or whitish, sparingly lenticellate.. Young shoots and petioles glabrous or subglabrous.. Petioles 0.5–1 cm. long, sometimes with 1–2 small hemispherical orange-brown glands at the top; leaf-blade ovate to elliptic-ovate, 5–14(–16) cm. long, 2–7(–8) cm. wide, acutely acuminate, broadly cuneate or rounded, shallowly crenate-dentate to subentire, membranous, lateral nerves (5–)6–9(–10) pairs, ascending, not or weakly looped, scarcely prominent above or beneath, tertiary nerve network reticulate, well marked, very sparingly pubescent at the base of or along the midrib and main nerves above and beneath at first, soon becoming quite glabrous, dark green, the young ones drying blackish purple, the more mature ones drying blackish purple at least along the midrib and nerves.. Stipules scarcely aculeate and indurated, 1 mm. long, conical-cylindric, slightly accrescent, yellowish brown.. Male inflorescences simply racemose, lax-flowered, or aggregated into 2–4 few-flowered clusters, 2–6 cm. long, long-pedunculate; peduncle and axis glabrous or subglabrous; bracts 0 or minute, 0.5 mm. long, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, glabrous.. Male flowers: pedicels capillary, 2–5 mm. long, glabrous, articulate near the base; calyx-lobes 3, ovate or elliptic-ovate, 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, apiculate, glabrous, purplish; extrastaminal glands 0 or 1–2, minute; interstaminal glands ovoid or clavate, erect, with a few hairs at the apex, purplish; stamens (8–)10–13(–14), with 6–9 peripheral and 2–5 central, 1.5 mm. long, filaments pinkish purple, anthers yellowish.. Female inflorescences simply racemose, lax-flowered, 4–8 cm. long; peduncle 2–5 cm. long, glabrous; axis glabrous; bracts 0.. Female flowers: pedicels thicker than in ♂, 2 mm. long, extending to 5 mm. in fruit, glabrous, articulate at the base; calyx-lobes 2(–3), suborbicular, enclosing the ovary, 1.5 mm. long and wide, rounded, glabrous, purplish; disc-glands 2(–3), scale-like, suborbicular to transversely-ovate, 0.7 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, rounded, glabrous; ovary bilobate, rarely trilobate, 0.8 mm. diameter, glabrous; styles 2(–3), united at the base, 1 mm. long, divaricate-spreading, stigmas lobulate-papillose throughout.. Fruit dicoccous, didymous, rarely tricoccous, occasionally by abortion monococcous, the cocci 4.5–5 mm. diameter, glabrous, green, becoming purplish.. Seeds 3.5–4 mm. diameter, foveolate-reticulate, aril bright orange or orange-scarlet, but drying purplish.
More
Leaf blades 2–13 × 1–7 cm, ovate to elliptic-ovate, acutely acuminate apically, shallowly and somewhat remotely glandular-crenate or crenate-serrate to subentire on the margins, wide-cuneate or rounded with 1–6 small hemispherical orange glands at the base, membranous, sparingly pubescent along the midrib and main nerves at first, but soon glabrescent, drying purplish-black when young, or at least the midrib and nerves drying purplish when more mature; lateral nerves in 4–7 pairs, the lower ones ascending, weakly-looped, not prominent.
Male flowers: pedicels 2–4 mm long, slender, glabrous, jointed near the base; buds c. 2 mm in diameter, oblate, glabrous; calyx lobes 3, c. 2 × 2 mm, broadly ovate, subacute or obtuse, green or purplish-tinged; disk glands mostly 12, clavate, ± truncate, 6 alternating with stamens of the outer whorl, but scarcely extrastaminal, the rest interstaminal, glabrous or crowned with papillae, purplish; stamens 14–17, c. 1 mm long, filaments stout, pinkish-purple, anthers 0.5 mm across, pink.
A shrub or small tree. It grows 10 m high. The bark is thin and grey with slight cracks. The branches arch over. The leaves are oval and alternate. They are 13 cm long by 7 cm wide. They are dark green. The base is rounded with small orange glands. There are irregular teeth along the edge. The male and female flowers are on separate trees. They are green/ The fruit have 2 lobes and are 5-9 mm across. The seed has a red covering.
Female flowers: pedicels 2–6 mm long, thick, jointed near the middle; calyx lobes 2–3, c. 1 × 1 mm, triangular, acute, glabrous, pale green; disk glands 2–3, 0.5 × 0.7 mm, scale-like, rounded, glabrous; ovary usually c. 1 mm in diameter, 2-lobed, glabrous, drying blackish; styles 2–3, c. 1 mm long, united at the base, divaricate, stigmas papillose-lobulate.
Male inflorescences 1–4 cm long, the peduncles up to 3 cm long, racemose; bracts c. 1 mm long, narrowly triangular-lanceolate to linear, fugacious.
Female inflorescences up to 5.5 cm long, racemose, few-flowered, subglabrous; bracts minute, broadly triangular.
Seeds 4 mm in diameter, foveolate-reticulate, aril bright orange or scarlet, drying reddish-purple.
Fruit 4–5 × 8–9 mm, usually dicoccous, glabrous, green at first, drying purplish or reddish.
Stipules 0.5–0.7 mm long, subulate, not or scarcely aculeate and hardened, yellowish-brown.
Young growth sparingly pubescent to subglabrous.
Bark grey, thin, slightly fissured at the base.
A shrub or small tree up to 10 m high.
Twigs pale greyish-brown or whitish.
Petioles 0.5–1.5 cm long.
Life form -
Growth form
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in mixed forest between 200-1,980 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Erythrococca polyandra world distribution map, present in Mozambique, Tanzania, United Republic of, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Erythrococca polyandra threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:345380-1
WFO ID wfo-0000954031
COL ID 3BDMD
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Claoxylon polyandrum Erythrococca polyandra