Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill. & Perr.) Brenan

Forest ordeal tree (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Erythrophleum

Characteristics

Tree 9–30 m. high, with rough bark.. Young branchlets slightly puberulous to glabrous.. Leaves: petiole with rhachis 11–35 cm. long; pinnae 2–4 pairs, 9–19 cm. long; leaflets 7–14 per pinna, ovate, ovate-elliptic, or rarely lanceolate, usually asymmetric, mostly 2.7–9 cm. long and 1.3–5.3 cm. wide, obtusely ± acuminate at apex, glabrous or sometimes with spreading pubescence on midrib beneath; petiolules 3–5 mm. long.. Racemes 3–8(–11) cm. long, shortly pubescent or puberulous (including the flowers).. Flowers yellowish-white to greenish-yellow.. Calyx-lobes 1–1.5 mm. long, distinctly connate below.. Petals 2–3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide.. Stamen-filaments glabrous or nearly so.. Pods often slightly curved, dehiscing, at least initially, along one suture only, 6–11-seeded, 8–17 cm. long, 3–5.3 cm. wide, at apex broadly rounded; stipe of pod often lateral.. Seeds brown, oblong-ellipsoid, 14–17 mm. long, 10–12 mm. wide, 4–7 mm. thick, with thick endosperm.. Fig. 1.
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A large tree. It grows 40 m tall and is 2.5 m around. The trunk is 10-16 m tall and often has buttresses. The bark is grey and poisonous. The leaves are twice divided and have 3-4 pairs of smaller leaflet shoots. These are 15-30 cm long and arranged oppositely. Along these there are 8-14 leaflets that are 5-10 cm long by 3-4 cm wide. The flowers are yellow to red and in dense crowded spike like stalks. These are 8-10 cm long and 18 mm across. The fruit are woody pods 8-15 cm long by 4-5 cm wide. They are flat and rounded at both ends. The seeds are hard and 8 mm long.
Leaves: petiole and rachis together (6)11–35 cm long; pinnae 2–4(5) pairs; pinna rachis 8–20 cm long; leaflets (6)9–13(15) per pinna, (3)4.5–7(9) × (1.5)2.2–4.5(5.3) cm, obliquely ovate to elliptic, the base asymmetrical (except the terminal leaflet), the apex bluntly acuminate, i.e. drawn out into a short 'drip-tip', the surfaces glabrous except on the midrib beneath which is usually strongly pubescent; petiolules 2–4.5(5) mm long.
Pods (7)10–14(17) × 3–4.5(5.3) cm excluding the stipe, oblong or somewhat curved, rounded at both ends, often somewhat woody, dehiscing along one margin only; stipe (1)1.5–2(2.5) cm long, inserted ± asymmetrically; seeds (4)6–9 × 10–12 × 4–7 mm, oblong-ellipsoid, on a funicle 7–10 mm long.
Racemes 2.5–8(11) cm long including a peduncle 0.7–1.5 cm long, the axis and peduncle densely puberulous to pubescent with short, crisped, appressed, rusty-brown hairs.
Flowers 6–8(9) mm long from base of pedicel to anthers, cream or lemon-yellow to greenish-yellow; pedicel 0.6–1 mm long at anthesis.
Calyx 1–2(2.5) mm long, fused for almost half its length, rusty-brown pubescent like the inflorescence axis.
Young branches and leaf rachides glabrous to shortly pubescent.
Tree up to 30 m high; bark dark brown, very rough.
Petals 2–3.5 mm long, greyish-brown pubescent.
Stamen filaments glabrous.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 20.0 - 30.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Moist semi-deciduous forests, gallery forest and wooded grasslands, from sea-level up to elevations of 1,100 metres. It is absent from the evergreen forest.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in woodland and savannah woodland. It grows up to 1,100 m above sea level.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The bark is poisonous.
Uses animal food charcoal environmental use fuel material medicinal non-vertebrate poison oil poison social use wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use Convulsant (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Ordeal (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Chickenpox (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Fatality (unspecified), Filariasis (unspecified), Gangrene (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Snuff (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Syncope (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Cardiotonic (unspecified), Cathartic (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), Sternutatory (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Analgesic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from seeds or by stumps. Seeds germinate in 7-21 days and are best in the dark.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Erythrophleum suaveolens unspecified picture

Distribution

Erythrophleum suaveolens world distribution map, present in Angola, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Nigeria, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Erythrophleum suaveolens threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:494641-1
WFO ID wfo-0000194829
COL ID 3BFJ6
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Erythrophleum suaveolens Mavia judicia Erythrophleum guineense Mavia judicialis Erythrophleum ordale Fillaea suaveolens Erythrophleum judiciale