Euphorbia prostrata Aiton

Euphorbe prostrée (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia

Characteristics

Herbs, annual, with taproot. Stems prostrate to decumbent, usually not mat-forming, 10–30 cm, crisped-villous to glabrate (proximally). Leaves opposite; stipules connate (lower side) or distinct (upper side), triangular-subulate, often lacerate distally, 0.5–1 mm, short crisped-villous to glabrate; petiole 0.5–1.5 mm, usually short crisped-villous, sometimes wooly at distal nodes; blade broadly elliptic to elliptic-oblong, ovate-spatulate, or ovate, 3–11(–15) × 3–6(–8) mm, base slightly asymmetric, rounded to slightly cordate and oblique, margins serrulate at least in distal 1/2, sometimes obscurely so, apex obtuse, abaxial surface finely crisped-villous, adaxial surface usually glabrous or glabrate, sometimes sparsely crisped-villous; 3-veined from base. Cyathia solitary or in small, cymose clusters at distal nodes or on congested, axillary branches; peduncle 1–2 mm. Involucre obconic, 0.6–0.9 × 0.5 mm, crisped-villous or glabrous; glands 4, reddish, oval to oblong, 0.1 × 0.1–0.2 mm; appendages white to pink, rudimentary, 0–0.2 mm, distal margin entire or irregularly scalloped. Staminate flowers 3–6. Pistillate flowers: ovary densely crisped-villous; styles 0.1 mm, 2-fid nearly entire length. Capsules broadly ovoid, 1.2–2 × 1.4–1.5 mm, crisped-villous along keels and toward base, often glabrous between keels; columella 1–1.2 mm. Seeds white but with barely concealed brown surface beneath, ovoid, sharply 4-angled in cross section, abaxial faces plane to convex, adaxial faces concave, 0.8–1.1 × 0.5–0.7 mm, with several narrow, sharp, slightly irregular, transverse ridges. 2n = 18.
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Prostrate much-branched annual herb, with branches to 20 cm. long, glabrous on the underside, pilose above with short curled hairs, the whole plant often tinged purplish.. Leaves ovate, to 8 × 5 mm, base obliquely rounded, apex rounded, margin obscurely toothed, upper surface glabrous, lower surface sparsely pilose towards the apex; petiole to 1 mm. long; stipules pilose, free on the upper surface of the branch, triangular, 0.5 mm. long, joined on the lower surface to form a broad triangle to 1 mm. long with 2 unequal teeth.. Cyathia solitary on peduncles 1.25 mm. long, terminal and pseudoaxillary on short leafy shoots, 1 × 0.6 mm, with barrel-shaped involucres; glands 4, minute, red, with minute white or pink appendages; lobes minute, triangular, pilose.. Male flowers few: bracteoles hair-like; stamens 1 mm. long.. Female flower: ovary pedicellate; styles 0.2 mm. long, spreading, bifid to the base.. Capsule exserted on a reflexed pilose pedicel 1.5 mm. long, acutely 3-lobed, with truncate base, 1.25 × 1.25 mm, the base and purple-tinged sutures beset with long spreading hairs.. Seeds oblong-conical, acutely 4-angled, 1 × 0.5 mm, grey-brown, with numerous distinct transverse ridges and grooves.. Fig. 78/2, p. 422.
Herbs, annual, 15-19 cm tall. Root fibrous. Stems many from base, prostrate, usually light red or red, occasionally green or yellow-green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Leaves opposite; stipules long triangular, easily fallen; petiole very short or sessile; leaf blade elliptic to obovate, 3-7(-8) × 2-4(-5) mm, adaxially green, sometimes with light red or red abaxially, margin entire or irregularly finely serrulate, apex rounded. Cyathia single, axillary or few clustered, peduncle 2-3 mm; involucre turbinate, ca. 1 × 1 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes with some pubescence, marginal lobes 5, triangular or rounded; glands 4, appendages white, extremely narrow. Male flowers many, usually shorter than cup. Female flower pedicellate, exserted from involucre; ovary sparsely pubescent on angles; styles nearly connate at base; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 3-angular, ca. 1.5 × 1.4 mm, smooth, glabrous except for white hairs along angles. Seeds ovoid-tetragonal, ca. 0.9 × 0.5 mm, yellow, each side with 6 or 7 transverse furrows; caruncle absent. Fl. and fr. Apr-Oct.
Bisexual, sparsely pubescent, annual herb, up to 0.2 m in diam. from slender rootstock. Leaves 3-7 x 1-4 mm, toothed, glabrous to sparsely hairy beneath, ciliate, shortly petiolate, stipules on upper side of stem free, below fused, deltoid-ovate and apically toothed. Cyathia on short axillary leafy branches with 1 cyathium per pair of leaves, ± 1 mm in diam., sometimes thinly pubescent; glands 4, appendages small or obsolete. Flowering time Nov.-Feb. Capsule 1.0-1.5 mm in diam., pubescent along angles, exserted.
Annual herb. Stems always procumbent, puberulous on upper side, at least along a middle line, glabrous on lower side, often tinged purplish. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate; blade oblong to elliptic, apex obtuse or rounded, margins distinctly or obscurely toothed; stipules on lower side united, deltoid-ovate. Flowers: solitary or in terminal inflorescences; green; Nov.-Apr. Fruit a capsule, with a row of hairs along each suture.
Leaves with a petiole to 1 mm long; stipules free on the upper surface of the branch, 0.5 mm long, triangular, pilose, joined on the lower surface to 1 mm long, forming a broad triangle with 2 unequal teeth; lamina to 8 × 5 mm, ovate, rounded at the apex, obliquely rounded at the base, obscurely toothed at the margin, upper surface glabrous, lower surface sparsely pilose towards the apex.
Much like no. 31 [Euphorbia maculata L.], but with the lvs more variable in outline, chiefly less than 1 cm, with the styles bifid to the base or nearly so, and with the sharply quadrangular seeds marked with 3 or 4 conspicuous transverse ridges, is rarely adventive (from s. U.S.) and probably not persistent in our range. (E. chamaesyce, misapplied)
Cyathia terminal and pseudoaxillary on short leafy shoots, solitary on peduncles to 1.25 mm long, 1 × 0.6 mm, with barrel-shaped involucres; glands 4, minute, red, with minute white or pink appendages; lobes minute, triangular, pilose.
Capsule exserted on a reflexed pilose pedicel 1.5 mm long, 1.25 × 1.25 mm, acutely 3-lobed with a truncate base; the base and purple-tinged sutures beset with long spreading hairs.
Prostrate, annual herb, glabrous on underside, pilose above, often tinged purplish. Leaves ovate, up to 8 x 5 mm. Capsule with a row of hairs along each suture. Flowers green.
Prostrate much-branched annual herb, the whole plant often tinged purplish; branches to 20 cm long, glabrous on the underside, pilose above with short curled hairs.
Seeds 1 × 0.5 mm, oblong-conical, acutely 4-angled, with numerous distinct transverse ridges and grooves, greyish-brown.
Female flower: ovary pedicellate; styles 0.2 mm long, spreading, bifid to the base.
Male flowers few: bracteoles hair-like; stamens 1 mm long.
Stems slender 2–8 in. long radiating from the tough root
A prostrate spreading herb
A herb.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread myrmecochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.13 - 0.17
Root system fibrous-root tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

Disturbed places, gardens, fields and roadsides, usually on sandy or gravelly soils; at elevations up to 2,000 metres.
More
A weed of footpaths, etc.
It is a tropical plant.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 3-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-11

Usage

Uses animal food food material medicinal poison social use
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Gastrointestinal diseases (leaf), Abscess (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Enteritis (unspecified), Excrescence (unspecified), Pimple (unspecified), Scorpion (unspecified), Tumor(Armpit) (unspecified), Corn (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Conjunctivitis (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Abdominal pain (whole plant), Common cold (whole plant), Diarrhea (whole plant), Dysentery (whole plant), Eczema (whole plant), Lactation disorders (whole plant), Menstruation disturbances (whole plant), Mumps (whole plant), Skin diseases, infectious (whole plant), Wounds and injuries (whole plant)
Human toxicity toxic (seed)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 10 - 15
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Euphorbia prostrata habit picture by Philippe Levarlet (cc-by-sa)
Euphorbia prostrata habit picture by Burillo Esteban (cc-by-sa)
Euphorbia prostrata habit picture by Pascal Blondaz (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Euphorbia prostrata leaf picture by jbvh jbnk (cc-by-sa)
Euphorbia prostrata leaf picture by Massimo Pattarozzi (cc-by-sa)
Euphorbia prostrata leaf picture by Nora Rapp (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Euphorbia prostrata flower picture by Philippe Levarlet (cc-by-sa)
Euphorbia prostrata flower picture by lopezlacasa (cc-by-sa)
Euphorbia prostrata flower picture by Joseph ONIER (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Euphorbia prostrata fruit picture by Fabrice Rubio (cc-by-sa)
Euphorbia prostrata fruit picture by Diego Nieto Lugilde (cc-by-sa)
Euphorbia prostrata fruit picture by Jacques Maréchal (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Euphorbia prostrata world distribution map, present in Angola, Åland Islands, Albania, Andorra, Australia, Austria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Botswana, Switzerland, China, Congo, Cook Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Djibouti, Dominica, Algeria, Ecuador, Eritrea, Spain, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Gabon, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Hungary, Indonesia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Malaysia, Norfolk Island, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nepal, Nauru, Pakistan, Peru, Palau, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Suriname, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tokelau, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Samoa, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:101913-2
WFO ID wfo-0000964195
COL ID 3CQCF
BDTFX ID 26024
INPN ID 97623
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Aplarina prostrata Anisophyllum prostratum Tithymalus prostratus Chamaesyce malaca Chamaesyce prostrata Chamaesyce villosior Euphorbia prostrata Euphorbia trichogona Euphorbia malaca Euphorbia callitrichoides Euphorbia tenella Euphorbia prostrata var. caudirhiza Euphorbia prostrata var. vestita Euphorbia ramosa var. villosior Euphorbia perforata