Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch

Poinsettia (en), Euphorbe (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia

Characteristics

Shrubs to small trees, 1-3(-4) m, many branched. Stems glabrous. Leaves alternate; stipules minute, membranous, caducous; petiole 2-5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate, often shallowly lobed, 6-25 × 4-10 cm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially shortly pubescent or glabrous, base attenuate, apex acuminate or acute. Cyathia in a very congested, 1-sided synflorescence, subtended by 5-7 petiolate leaflike bracts, these narrowly elliptic, 3-7 × 1-2 cm, usually entire, sometimes repand-lobed, scarlet, peduncle 3-4 mm; involucre urceolate, light green, 7-9 × 6-8 mm, lobes 5, lacerate, triangular, glabrous; glands usually 1, rarely 2, yellow, compressed, 2-lipped, 4-5 × ca. 3 mm. Male flowers many, usually exserted from involucre; bracts linear, pilose. Female flower: ovary glabrous, pedicellate, exserted from involucre, smooth; styles connate below middle; stigma deeply 2-lobed. Capsule, 3-lobed-globose, 1.5-2 × ca. 1.5 cm, smooth and glabrous. Seeds ovoid, ca. 10 × 8-9 mm, gray or light gray, subsmooth, without caruncle. Fl. and fr. Oct-Apr.
More
A shrub. It grows about 3.5 m high. The trunk is woody and brown. The branches are angular. The leaves are large. They are oval to sword shaped and have 12 teeth on either side. They are 20 cm long. They taper to the tip. There can be lobes along the edge. It usually drops its leaves as flowering begins. The bracts are large and red. This gives the flower cluster the appearance of one large flower. The bracts can also be white or yellow. The flowers are small and greenish yellow. The fruit is a small capsule with 3 lobes.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 1.25 - 2.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is damaged by frost. It suits subtropical regions. It suits hardiness zones 9-11. In XTBG Yunnan.
Light 5-8
Soil humidity 2-5
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

Caution: All Euphorbias or spurges have irritating sap and many have chemicals that can cause cancer. The leaves have been eaten as a flavouring. The flowering shoots are also eaten.
Uses bee plant environmental use food gene source invertebrate food material medicinal ornamental poison seasoning social use vertebrate poison
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Antifungal agents (flower), Antifungal agents (leaf), Antineoplastic agents (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (plant exudate), Molluscacides (plant exudate), Sarcoma (plant exudate), Wounds and injuries (plant exudate), Anodyne (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Depilatory (unspecified), Erysipelas (unspecified), Lactagogue (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Wart (unspecified), Lactogogue (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds or cuttings. It can be used for living fences or hedges.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 10 - 15
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Euphorbia pulcherrima habit picture by Shehadi Ramiz (cc-by-sa)
Euphorbia pulcherrima habit picture by Shehadi Ramiz (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Euphorbia pulcherrima leaf picture by Ispur Vijay (cc-by-sa)
Euphorbia pulcherrima leaf picture by Palencia castillo (cc-by-sa)
Euphorbia pulcherrima leaf picture by Almanza Armando (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Euphorbia pulcherrima flower picture by Pranav Sharma (cc-by-sa)
Euphorbia pulcherrima flower picture by LUIS MIGUEL MARTINEZ NICACIO (cc-by-sa)
Euphorbia pulcherrima flower picture by Mahesh Rohan (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Euphorbia pulcherrima world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Guinea, Gambia, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Panama, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, and United States of America

Conservation status

Euphorbia pulcherrima threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:347947-1
WFO ID wfo-0000964275
COL ID 6GZYQ
BDTFX ID 102268
INPN ID 445632
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Poinsettia pulcherrima Euphorbia poinsettii Pleuradena coccinea Euphorbia diversifolia Euphorbia fastuosa Euphorbia lutea Euphorbia coccinea Euphorbia erythrophylla Euphorbia poinsettiana Euphorbia pulcherrima f. lutea Poinsettia pulcherrima var. albida Poinsettia pulcherrima var. roseocarminata Euphorbia pulcherrima