Flagellaria indica L.

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Flagellariaceae > Flagellaria

Characteristics

Perennial climber, 2-15 m long, rarely longer. Stem in the basal part often more or less woody, higher up herbaceous but hard. Leaves bifarious, ovate to lanceolate or linear, base rounded or slightly cordate, abruptly contracted into a dorsally flattened petiole 3-10 mm long, firmly herbaceous, most variable as to size, 3-50 by ½-6½ cm; sheath terete, 1-7 cm long, subtruncate, faintly herbaceous, on both sides of the petiole with a very narrow thinner apical rimlike auricle, longitudinally ribbed; ribs at the top converging into the petiole. Panicle erect, mostly forked and consisting of 2 main branches, widely branched (often from the very base), 3-30 cm long, bearing on its short ultimate branchlets the sessile flowers in very short, dense spikes.Flowers solitary,subtended by a short,broad, bract, white, odorous. Tepals erect, oval, rounded, thinly membranous, 2-2¾ mm long, stamens and stigmas at last far exserted. Ovary narrow; stigmas erecto-patent. Drupe subglobose, smooth, pink, ± 6 mm diam., mostly with a single fertile 1-seeded cell and 2 minute empty ones, rarely with 2 fertile and 1 empty cell.
More
Perennial climber to 5 m. high.. Leaf-sheaths cylindric, entire, longitudinally ribbed, subtruncate, with a chartaceous rim on the margin opposed to the blade; leaf-blade broadly lanceolate or linear, rounded below and abruptly contracted into a subpetiolar base 3–10 mm. long, attenuate above, with a cirriform involute tip, 14–18 cm. long, 15–20 mm. wide, entire at the margins, glabrous.. Inflorescence a terminal panicle, with a stout bilaterally compressed rhachis and branches; flowers in subsessile very short subglobose spikes; rhachis and branches glabrous; bracts ovate, 1–1.25 mm. long, membranous.. Perianth-segments 6, rarely 8, ovate, 2–3 mm. long in 2 subequal whorls, those of the outer whorl slightly smaller, white or greenish.. Stamens exserted, equalling the perianth-segments in number.. Ovary globose, with a terminal style and 3 linear stigmas.. Drupe spherical, 5–6 mm. in diameter, red.
An evergreen vine. It grows to 10 m tall. It climbs high into trees by modified tendrils on the tips of leaves. The stem is vigorous and branching. The stems are woody and 1-3 cm thick. The stem is covered with overlapping leaf sheaths. The leaves are narrow and sword shaped. They taper at both ends and the tips curve backwards forming tendrils. Leaves are 8-30 cm long and 0.7-2 cm wide. They are bright green and have parallel veins. They do not have a leaf stalk but clasp the stem. The flowers are very small and occur in sprays at the ends of branches. They are white. The fruit are berries which are small and fleshy and red when ripe. They are 0.3-0.5 cm across. The fruit are edible.
Plants perennial. Leaf sheath 2--7 cm; pseudopetiole 3--8 mm, abaxially flattened; leaf blade lanceolate to linear, 7--25 × 0.5--2 cm, base abruptly contracted, rounded, or slightly cordate. Panicles erect, irregularly branched, dense; bracts short, broad. Flowers small; tepals white, ovate to broadly so, 2--3 mm, thinly membranous. Stamens exserted. Ovary narrow. Drupes reddish when mature, globose, 4--6 mm in diam., smooth. Seeds 1(or 2). Fl. Apr--Jul, fr. Sep--Nov.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.5 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It does best with a well drained soil rich in compost. It needs a protected sunny position. It is damaged by drought and frost. It grows naturally in rainforests and along the edge of streams. It can be along the edges of mangroves. It grows up to 1,600 m above sea level. It suits humid locations. It can grow on sandstone soils. It suits hardiness zones 9-12.
More
Moist littoral forests, mangrove swamps, freshwater swamps; from near sea level to elevations of 1,500 metres in S. China. A common forest climber which climbs over shrubs and smaller trees in wet to dry forest.
Moist (not swampy) forests from the seacoast up to 1500 m, frequent in forest-borders along the inner margin of the mangrove. Fl. fr. Jan.-Dec.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses. Stems sometimes used for basket-work as a rather poor substitute for rotan (rattan). Young stems and leaves used for making hair-wash. Various medicinal applications are recorded.
More
The young shoots and leaves are eaten after boiling. The fruit is eaten. The sweet stems are also chewed.
Uses animal food environmental use food invertebrate food material medicinal poison social use
Edible fruits leaves saps seeds shoots stems
Therapeutic use Chickenpox (fruit), Diuretics (fruit), Astringents (leaf), Wound healing (leaf), Astringent (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Pox (unspecified), Shampoo (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Vulnerary (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. The seed need to be sown fresh.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Flagellaria indica habit picture by Goustan Bodin (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Flagellaria indica leaf picture by Goustan Bodin (cc-by-sa)
Flagellaria indica leaf picture by Goustan Bodin (cc-by-sa)
Flagellaria indica leaf picture by Noel Dionson (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Flagellaria indica flower picture by Lenny Romauli Lenny (cc-by-sa)
Flagellaria indica flower picture by Lenny Romauli Lenny (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Flagellaria indica world distribution map, present in Andorra, Australia, Bangladesh, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Japan, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Norfolk Island, Philippines, Réunion, Solomon Islands, Seychelles, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:366164-1
WFO ID wfo-0000424775
COL ID 6J6L9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 673131
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Flagellaria angustifolia Flagellaria catenata Flagellaria loureiroi Flagellaria minor Flagellaria philippinensis Flagellaria indica

Lower taxons

Flagellaria indica var. minor Flagellaria indica var. australiensis Flagellaria indica var. bifurcata Flagellaria indica var. borneensis Flagellaria indica var. gracilis Flagellaria indica var. indica