Foeniculum Mill.

Fennel (en), Fenouil (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Apiales > Apiaceae

Characteristics

Glabrous, strongly aromatic biennial or perennial. Leaves 3–4-pinnate, continually dissected into fine, capillary segments. Umbels compound, numerous, leaf-opposed; involucre and involucel none. Flowers polygamous. Calyx-teeth absent. Petals yellow, glabrous, strongly incurved at the tip and ± emarginate. Fruit oblong-ellipsoid, only slightly compressed laterally, the mericarps scarcely narrowed to the broad commissure; primary ribs pale, conspicuous, stout and prominent, the marginal ribs not or scarcely larger than the dorsals; valleculae each with a single, broad, dark vitta; commissure with 2 vittae equalling or slightly smaller than the dorsal ones; stylopodia conical, somewhat elongating in fruit; carpophore deeply bifid. Endosperm depressed-pentagonal, distinctly sulcate below the vittae. It is probably genuinely native in the Mediterranean region.
More
Herbs, annual or perennial, all parts strongly aromatic (anise-scented). Stem erect, terete, gray-green or lurid-green, glabrous. Leaves petiolate, sheaths membranous-margined; blade pinnately decompound; ultimate segments linear. Umbels compound, terminal and lateral; bracts and bracteoles absent; rays numerous, upwards-spreading, unequal. Calyx teeth obsolete. Petals yellow, obovate, mid rib conspicuous, apex with narrowly inflexed lobule. Stylopodium conic; styles very short, reflexed. Fruit oblong, terete, glabrous; ribs 5, acute or round-obtuse; vittae 1 in each furrow, 2 on commissure. Seed face plane or slightly concave. Carpophore 2-cleft to base.
Fr oblong, slightly flattened laterally or subterete, the ribs slender but prominent; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; carpophore bifid to the base; umbels large, compound, on stout peduncles; invol and involucel none; umbellets numerous; sep none; pet yellow; stylopodium conic; coarse perennials with the lvs dissected into linear or filiform segments. 5, Europe and Medit. reg.
Glabrous, biennial or perennial herbs, with taproots. Lvs 3-5-pinnate; segments filiform. Umbels compound, pedunculate; bracts and bracteoles 0. Petals yellow, regular, with entire, obtuse, inflexed apex; calyx teeth 0. Fr. ovoid-oblong, terete, not beaked, spineless; commissure broad; ribs 5 per mericarp, stout, the lateral somewhat broader; vittae solitary in furrows.
Fruit narrowly ovoid, very slightly laterally compressed; ribs fairly robust and obvious at maturity.
Biennial or perennial herbs with pinnately divided leaves, with filiform ultimate segments.
Umbels compound, bracts and bracteoles 0–few.
Petals yellow with strongly inturned apices.
Vittae solitary in the furrows.
Sepals absent.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) -
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Balsamic (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 10 - 14
Germination temperacture (C°) 18
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Foeniculum unspecified picture

Distribution

Foeniculum world distribution map, present in China, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:40005-1
WFO ID wfo-4000014894
COL ID 4KM7
BDTFX ID 86442
INPN ID 192597
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Foeniculum

Lower taxons

Foeniculum scoparium Foeniculum vulgare Foeniculum subinodorum