Fragaria vesca L.

Woodland strawberry (en), Fraisier sauvage (fr), Fraisier des bois (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Fragaria

Characteristics

Low-growing herb with short woody stock, up to c. 15-(25) cm high; runners greenish, pilose, bracteate, up to c. 80 cm long and rooting at nodes and tips to form new rosettes. Basal lvs several in rosette; petiole up to 15-(18) cm long, densely pilose; leaflets ovate to rhombic or elliptic, obtuse to subacute, cuneate at base, ± thin, bright green above and usually sparsely to moderately silky pilose, rarely almost glabrous, paler below and usually silky pilose at least on veins, with margins coarsely serrate in upper 1/2-⅔ and pilose; terminal leaflets (15)-30-60-(90) × (10)-18-40-(50) mm; lateral leaflets slightly smaller; petiolules very short or 0, silky pilose; stipules triangular, 12-20 mm long, reddish brown, ± pilose especially along axis. Scape (30)-60-180-(300) mm tall, ± erect and often arching in upper part, finely pilose; infl. of 1-several fls; pedicels 7-40 mm long; fls 10-18 mm diam. Epicalyx segments narrow, ± entire. Sepals triangular, 4-6-(9) mm long, pilose, ± acuminate, connate at base, deflexed at fruiting. Petals obovate, up to 8 mm long, sometimes only slightly > sepals, rounded, sometimes undulate, spreading, white. Achenes uniformly scattered over and projecting from the receptacle; receptacle usually red, occasionally white, swollen and juicy, sweet, fragrant, obconic, up to 15 × 12 mm.
More
Lfls sessile or nearly so, ovate to obovate, ± silky beneath, bright green or somewhat yellowish-green, thin, often bulging on the upper side between the principal lateral veins, these diverging from the midrib at an angle of ca 45°, the teeth sharp and rather divergent, the terminal tooth more than half as wide as the adjacent lateral ones and (equaling or) projecting beyond them; peduncles at anthesis usually shorter than the lvs, later surpassing them; pedicels unequal and commonly proliferous, the infl eventually racemiform or paniculiform; pet 5–7 mm; 2n=14. Europe and N. Amer. Apr.–June. The chiefly European var. vesca, with ovoid or subglobose fr and with the long hairs of the petioles and peduncles widely spreading or even retrorse, is widely intr. in our range, and thought to be native in se. Can. Var. americana Porter, native from Nf. to Man., s. to Va., Ind., and Neb., has slenderly ovoid or ellipsoid fr, and the long hairs of the petioles and peduncles are ascending or appressed.
A tufted perennial, emitting from a central rootstock long stolons rooting at the nodes and forming new plants.. Stipules red-brown, papery.. Leaves petiolate, trifoliolate; leaflets ovate, oblong, or oblong-ovate, 3–4 × 2–3 cm., obtuse, basally cuneate to ± truncate, sharply serrated with rather few acute and large teeth, green above, with a few appressed hairs or glabrous, whitish below with silky appressed hairs; petiole densely covered with spreading, silky hairs, commonly 3–6 (but up to 25) cm. long; petiolules very short, the leaflets often subsessile.. Inflorescence an erect, leafless cyme bearing about 5 flowers; flowering stems up to 15 cm. tall, hairy as the petioles.. Flowers 12–18 mm. diameter.. Calyx covered externally with appressed silky hairs; calyx-lobes ovate, acuminate, about 2.75 mm. long; epicalyx-lobes oblong, acute, nearly equalling the calyx-lobes.. Petals white, obovate, ± 4 mm. long.. Fruit ovoid or spherical, nodding and red or reddish when ripe.
Herbs perennial, 5–30 cm tall. Stems together with petioles spreading pilose, rarely glabrescent. Petiole 3–20 cm; leaf blade 3-foliolate, rarely pinnately 5-foliolate; leaflets sessile or central one shortly petiolulate, abaxially greenish, adaxially green, obovate, elliptic or broadly ovate, 1–5 × 0.6–4 cm, abaxially pubescent or sometimes glabrescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent, base cuneate or broadly so, margin obtusely or acutely incised serrate, apex obtuse. Inflorescence corymbiform, 2–4(or 5)-flowered, with a greenish, subulate or petiolate, leafletlike bract. Pedicel 1–3 cm, appressed pilose. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, apex caudate; epicalyx segments linear-lanceolate or subulate, shorter than sepals. Petals white, obovate, base tapering into a short claw. Stamens ca. 20, unequal. Carpels numerous. Aggregate fruit ripening red, ovoid. Achenes ovoid, not prominently rugose. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Sep. 2n = 14.
Perennial, stoloniferous herb, 0.1-0.2 m high; branches decumbent, plant parts sericeous. Leaves: cauline ones in a rosette, 3-foliolate, pinnae ovate, obovate or rhombic, coarsely serrate, margins deeply crenate-serrate, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, sparsely hairy on upper surface, lower surface sparsely sericeous; distal leaves 3-foliolate or rarely simple and reduced. Stipules scarious, reddish brown. Inflorescence with 2-7 or rarely solitary flowers; floral bracts 3-7 mm long. Flowers: hypanthium patelliform; episepal narrowly ovate, entire or bifid; sepals ovate; petals broadly obovate to suborbicular, apex rounded, glabrous; stamens 20-25; anthers ovate-oblong; carpels 100; ovary glabrous; style 0.8-1.0 mm long, stigma 0.1-0.2 mm in diam. Flowering time Apr. Fruit: receptacle ovoid-globose; achenes hemispheric to slightly ovoid. Seeds hemispheric-ovoid.
Plants hermaphroditic (sometimes pistillate in subsp. bracteata). Leaves bright green (sometimes darker green in subsp. californica), not glaucous, thin, not leathery, not reticulately veined abaxially, terminal tooth of terminal leaflet longer than or equal to adjacent teeth (sometimes equal to or shorter than adjacent teeth in subsp. californica). Flowers bisexual or unisexual; hypanthium 11–21.2 mm diam.; petals 5, ± obovate to nearly orbiculate, margins overlapping or distinct. Achenes deeply embedded, in shallow pits, or superficial, yellowish green to reddish brown, 1–1.5 mm; bractlets and sepals clasping, spreading, or reflexed in fruit; torus easily or not easily separating from hypanthium.
A small plant which keeps growing from year to year. It grows to 20 cm high and spreads to 30 cm wide. The stems are long runners which form roots at the nodes. The leaves have 3 leaflets and are bright green. The leaflets are oval and with coarse teeth around the edge. They are 6 cm long and arranged in rings on long leaf stalks. The flowers are small white and open. They have 5 petals. The fruit are oval and fleshy. They are white and turn red (or white) as they ripen. They are sweet. A strawberry with small leaves and fruit and the seeds are on the outside of the fruit.
Leaflets 1.5-3 by 1-2.5 cm, terminal petio-lule 0-l(-2) mm. Hypanthium 2.5-3 mm diam. Epicalyx leaves and sepals 3-4 mm long. Petals 4-6 aim long. Stamens 20 or less. Spurious fruits obovoid, up to c. 1.5 by 1 cm, achenes not sunken in fleshy torus.
Perennial herb with long, epigeal, rooting stolons. Leaves 3-foliolate in basal rosette. Pedicels appressed-pubescent. Achenes projecting, uniformly scattered over receptacle. Flowers white.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.3
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) 0.1
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in the highlands in the tropics. It grows from 1600 m up to 3550 m in the tropics. They do poorly in hot humid climates. It becomes naturalised in high mountain regions in Papua New Guinea. It needs well drained soils and a protected sunny position. They are drought and frost tender. They enjoy acid soil. It suits hardiness zones 5-9. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
More
Woods, grassland and scrub, on basic soils, sometimes becoming locally dominant in woods on calcareous soils.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The fruit is eaten fresh with ice cream or as a filling for tarts or made into jam. The dried leaves are used to make tea. It has a good flavour and is high in Vit C. Young leaves are eaten in salads and soups.
Uses beverage breeding dye eating environmental use food gene source material medicinal ornamental tea
Edible flowers fruits leaves roots
Therapeutic use Analgesics (fruit), Anti-inflammatory agents (fruit), Antioxidants (fruit), Astringents (fruit), Balckness of lip or tongue (fruit), Diarrhea (fruit), Diuretics (fruit), Laxatives (fruit), Urination disorders (fruit), Dermatological Aid (leaf), Disinfectant (leaf), Oral Aid (leaf), Pediatric Aid (leaf), Antidiarrheal (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Astringents (leaf), Burns (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Urinary tract infections (leaf), Urination disorders (leaf), Gastrointestinal Aid (root), Antidiarrheal (root), Pediatric Aid (root), Angina pectoris (root), Anti-bacterial agents (root), Diarrhea (root), Dysentery (root), Urination disorders (root), Alterative (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Bladder (unspecified), Blennorrhagia (unspecified), Blood (unspecified), Calculus (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Diabetes (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Discutient (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Stone (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Hypertension (unspecified), Gravel (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Renitis (unspecified), Tea (unspecified), Coffee (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

They can be grown from seed. Seed are best put in a refrigerator for 2 weeks before planting. Mostly they are grown from runners. It grows wild in some areas.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) 5
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) 12 - 20
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Fragaria vesca habit picture by Nina (cc-by-sa)
Fragaria vesca habit picture by Ernst Fürst (cc-by-sa)
Fragaria vesca habit picture by Anne de Rivaz (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Fragaria vesca leaf picture by Malagoli Laura (cc-by-sa)
Fragaria vesca leaf picture by Simon der Schmied (cc-by-sa)
Fragaria vesca leaf picture by Richard Wishaupt (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Fragaria vesca flower picture by liranet88 (cc-by-sa)
Fragaria vesca flower picture by Serge Beuchat (cc-by-sa)
Fragaria vesca flower picture by Mariana Lafranconi (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Fragaria vesca fruit picture by Roelinka Heij (cc-by-sa)
Fragaria vesca fruit picture by Richard Wishaupt (cc-by-sa)
Fragaria vesca fruit picture by Dráb Marek (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Fragaria vesca world distribution map, present in Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ecuador, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Honduras, Croatia, Haiti, Hungary, Indonesia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iceland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Mexico, North Macedonia, Malta, Myanmar, Montenegro, Mauritius, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Réunion, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30074127-2
WFO ID wfo-0000993770
COL ID 6JK5R
BDTFX ID 28137
INPN ID 98865
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Fragaria silvestris Fragaria vesca Fragaria roseiflora Fragaria hortensis Fragaria semperflorens Fragaria minor Fragaria sylvestris Fragaria botryformis Fragaria unifolia Fragaria retrorsa Fragaria portentosa Fragaria florentina Potentilla vesca Fragaria eflagellis Fragaria hortensis Fragaria monophylla Fragaria sylvestris Fragaria semperflorens Fragaria concolor Fragaria insularis Fragaria vesca f. alba Fragaria vesca f. eflagellis Fragaria vesca f. semperflorens Fragaria gillmanii Fragaria succulenta Fragaria multiplex Fragaria multiplex Fragaria vesca f. vesca Dactylophyllum fragaria Fragaria nuda Fragaria vulgaris Fragaria aliena Fragaria eflagellis Fragaria alpina Fragaria nemoralis Fragaria abnormis Fragaria muricata Fragaria vesca var. sylvestris Fragaria vulgaris var. rubra Fragaria vesca var. rosea Fragaria sylvestris var. alba Fragaria vulgaris var. alba Fragaria vesca var. multiplex Fragaria vesca var. hortensis Fragaria vesca var. roseiflora Fragaria vesca subsp. semperflorens Fragaria elatior var. muricata Fragaria sylvestris var. alpina Fragaria sylvestris var. eflagellis Fragaria sylvestris var. hortensis Fragaria sylvestris var. minor Fragaria sylvestris var. monophylla Fragaria sylvestris var. muricata Fragaria sylvestris var. alba Fragaria vesca var. alba Fragaria vesca subsp. monophylla Fragaria vesca var. alpina Fragaria vesca var. corsica Fragaria vesca var. eflagellis Fragaria vesca var. minor Fragaria vesca var. monophylla Fragaria vesca var. muricata Fragaria vesca var. semperflorens Fragaria vulgaris var. eflagellis Fragaria vulgaris var. hortensis Fragaria vulgaris var. minor Fragaria vulgaris var. monophylla Fragaria vulgaris var. muricata Fragaria vulgaris var. semperflorens Fragaria vesca subsp. vesca Fragaria vesca var. alba Fragaria sylvestris var. argenteovariegata Fragaria sylvestris var. nigricans

Lower taxons

Fragaria vesca subsp. bracteata Fragaria vesca subsp. americana