Fragaria L.

Strawberry (en), Fraisier (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae

Characteristics

Herbs, perennial, acaulescent, 0.2–2.8 dm; short-rhizomatous, stoloniferous. Stems 1–10 (crowns), procumbent, ?sympodially branched, stolons not leafy, rooting and producing shoots at every 2d node?, glabrate to densely spreading-hairy or appressed-ascending hairy. Leaves deciduous, basal, alternate, ternate; stipules persistent, basally adnate to petiole, lanceolate, margins entire; petiole present; blade shallowly deltate to widely ovate or widely depressed ovate, 1–6 cm, thin to thick, sometimes leathery, leaflets 3, usually ovate to obovate, sometimes rhombic to roundish, margins flat, serrate to crenate, venation pinnate, abaxial surface sericeous (at least along veins), adaxial mostly glabrate. Inflorescences axillary ?from leaf rosette?, 1–10-flowered, cymes, glabrate to densely spreading-hairy or appressed-ascending-hairy; bracts usually present; bracteoles present, caducous. Pedicels present. Flowers bisexual or unisexual (plants synoecious, gynodioecious, dioecious, or trioecious), 12–29.8 mm diam.; epicalyx bractlets 5; hypanthium saucer-shaped, 9.5–27.8 mm diam., hairy; sepals 5, spreading, broadly lanceolate; petals 5[–9], usually white, rarely pink, orbiculate to ovate or obovate, ?base clawed?; ?sterile staminodia in pistillate flowers?; stamens 15 in 3 whorls, shorter than petals, ?anther thecae 2?; torus globose to conic; carpels 30–150, glabrous, styles basal; ovule 1. Fruits accessory; aggregated achenes, 30 (or less)–150, ?borne on enlarged torus, superficial or embedded in torus flesh?, ovate or ± ovoid, 1–2 mm, glabrous; ?torus usually red, wine red, or carmine, rarely white, globose or subglobose to oblong, conic, or oblate, 9–24(–37) mm, fleshy, apex sometimes pointed?; hypanthium persistent; sepals persistent, spreading, reflexed, or clasping tori; styles deciduous. x = 7.
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Herbs perennial, mostly stoloniferous, polygamo-dioecious, usually spreading or appressed hairy. Stolons often rooting at nodes and forming plantlets. Leaves alternate, petiolate; stipules adnate to base of petiole, often membranous, sheathing; leaf blade 3-foliolate or pinnately 5-foliolate. Inflorescence erect, cymose or corymbiform, few flowered, rarely a solitary flower. Hypanthium obconic or turbinate. Sepals 5, valvate, persistent; epicalyx segments 5, alternating with and smaller than sepals, margin entire. Petals 5, white, rarely yellow, broadly obovate or suborbicular. Stamens numerous; anther 2-loculed. Carpels numerous, free, borne on convex receptacle; ovule ascending from middle of locule; style adaxial, short, persistent. Aggregate fruit formed from enlarged receptacle, berry-like, long conic to globose, fleshy. Achenes numerous, seated in pits on surface of aggregate fruit, minute, brittle. Seed testa membranous; cotyledons convex. x = 7.
Short-stemmed, perennial, mat-forming herbs, not armed, with long, ± leafy runners. Lvs in basal rosettes, sometimes in clusters scattered along runners or cauline, long-petiolate, pinnately 3-foliolate or rarely pinnate or 1-or 5-foliolate, dentate or crenate; stipules free in upper part and adnate to petiole below, persistent. Infl. of 1-several, small-to medium-sized, ☿ fls borne on slender peduncle arising from basal rosettes or in axils of runner lvs. Hypanthium with a central, convex, spongy receptacle (carpophore). Epicalyx segments leafy, entire to toothed. Calyx usually with 5 ± triangular and prominent sepals. Petals 5, ± obovate, usually white, rarely yellow. Stamens 10-30. Ovary superior; carpels 10-80; styles surrounded by hypanthium rim; ovules 1 per carpel. Fr. a head of many achenes in pits on surface of soft, fleshy, coloured receptacle, the styles deciduous at fruiting.
Hypanthium saucer-shaped; sep 5, alternating with foliaceous bracts of nearly equal size; pet 5, white, obovate to subrotund; stamens numerous; with short filaments; pistils numerous, inserted on a prolongation of the receptacle; style slender, lateral; fr of numerous achenes on a greatly enlarged, juicy, edible red receptacle, subtended by the persistent calyx and bracts; perennial herbs, usually spreading freely by runners, with basal, 3-foliolate, serrate lvs and scape-like peduncles bearing few to several fls. 30, N. Temp., S. Amer.
Perennial stoloniferous herbs. Leaves trifoliolate, densely clustered from a basal rosette. Flowers pentamerous, protogynous. Petals and epicalyx present. Fruit consisting of many, small 1-seeded achenes covering the accrescent, juicy, succulent receptacle.
Herbs, mosdy with stolons. Leaves trifoliolate. Inflorescences cymose, few-flowered. Flowers 5-merous. Petals white. Stamens many. Pistils many, style ventral. Fruits on enlarged, fleshy torus, forming a spurious fruit.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.15 - 0.2
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Not known in the wild.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses -
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -