Galium thunbergianum Eckl. & Zeyh.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Galium

Characteristics

Perennial with extensive rhizome. Stems climbing, suberect or procumbent, (80)100-400(600) mm long, with ± few lateral branches; 0.5-1(1.5) mm in diam., distinctly 4-angled, glabrous or with short, ± spreading white hairs. Longest internodes (15)25-50(65) mm. Middle cauline leaves in whorls of 4, 3-nerved, (7)10-18(22) x (3.5)4-8(10) mm, (roundish-)ovate, elliptic or ± rhombic, ± acute or with a short hyaline point at the apex, ± cuneate at the base, glabrous or with short, ± spreading hairs on both surfaces and on the flat margins. Synflorescences broadly pyramidal to ± cylindrical, paracladia ± many-flowered, ultimate branches with 1-2 minute bracts; pedicels 1-3(5) mm, slightly elongating after anthesis, glabrous or hairy, ± divaricate in fruit. Flowers slightly protandrous, 4-merous; corolla (1)1.5-2.5(3) mm in diam., rotate, often with a few short hairs outside, greenish, greenish-white, pale yellow, or yellow, lobes longer than wide, ± ovate; stamina ca. half as long as the lobes, filaments ± filiform, anthers elliptic; styles ca. 1/2 to 1/3, fused. Fruits dry, densely covered with white tuberculate hooked hairs; mericarps subglobose, each (0.8)1-1.5 mm wide.
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Perennial with extensive rhizome. Stems climbing, suberect or procumbent, (80-)100-400(-600) mm long, glabrous or with short spreading white hairs. Leaves in whorls of 4, 3-nerved, (7-)10-18(-22) x (3.5-)4-8(-10) mm, ovate, elliptic or ± rhombic, ± acute or with a short hyaline point at apex, narrowed to base; glabrous or both surfaces and margins with short spreading hairs. Inflorescence broadly pyramidal to ± cylindrical, cymes ± many-flowered, ultimate branches with 1-2 minute bracts; pedicels 1-3(-5) mm long, slightly elongating after anthesis, glabrous or hairy, ± divaricate in fruit. Flowers: corolla (1-)1.5-2.5(-3) mm in diam., often somewhat hairy outside, greenish, greenish white to yellowish, lobes longer than wide, acute; stamens c. half as long as lobes; ovary c. 0.3-0.5 mm long. Fruit densely covered with white tuberculate hooked hairs; mericarps subglobose, each 1-1.5 mm in diam.
Straggling, climbing or procumbent plant, 7–75 cm. tall; stems and foliage either glabrous or pilose with quite long spreading hairs but not prickly.. Leaves and stipules in whorls of 4; blades elliptic to ovate, (0.3–)0.7–1.8 cm. long, (0.2–)0.3–1 cm. wide, acute or rounded and shortly mucronate at the apex, cuneate at the base, the margins not prickly.. Inflorescences very condensed or lax, 0.3–5.5 cm. long; pedicels 1–7 mm. long.. Calyx-tube 0.3–0.6 mm. in diameter, densely covered with spreading bristly hairs.. Corolla white, yellow or greenish white to yellowish white; lobes 0.7–1.5 mm. long, 0.5–0.9 mm. wide; tube 0.09–0.3 mm. long.. Fruits 1.2–1.5 mm. long, 1.3–2 mm. wide, the cocci densely covered with spreading hooked bristly hairs ± 1 mm. long.
Climbing or procumbent, perennial herb, 0.15-1.00 m. Leaves in whorls of 4, ovate, elliptic or rhombic, with ± acute or short hyaline point at apex, glabrous or both sides, margins with short, spreading hairs. Inflorescence broadly pyramidal to ± cylindrical, ebracteate; pedicels up to 3 mm long, ± divaricate in fruit. Corolla up to 3 mm in diam., rotate, greenish white to yellowish, lobes longer than wide; stamens half as long as lobes. Ovary up to 0.5 mm long. Flowering time Nov.-May. Fruit densely covered with white, tuberculate, hooked hairs; mericarps subglobose, up to 1.5 mm in diam.
Leaves in whorls of 4, 3-nerved, (7)10–18(22) x (3)4–8(10) mm., ovate, elliptic or ± rhombic, ± acute or with a short hyaline point at apex, narrowed to base; glabrous or both surfaces and margins with short spreading hairs.
Inflorescence broadly pyramidal to ± cylindrical, cymes ± many-flowered, ultimate branches with 1–2 minute bracts; pedicels 1–3(5) mm. long, slightly elongating after anthesis, glabrous or hairy, ± divaricate in fruit.
Corolla (1)1.5–2.5(3) mm. in diam., rotate, often somewhat hairy outside, greenish, greenish-white to yellowish, lobes longer than wide, acute; stamens c. half as long as lobes; ovary c. 0.3–0.5 mm. long.
Fruit densely covered with white tuberculate hooked hairs; mericarps subglobose, each (0.8)1–1.5 mm. in diam.
Stems climbing, suberect or procumbent, (8)10–40(60) cm. long, glabrous or with short spreading white hairs.
Scrambling, erect or ascending herb up to 3 ft. high
Perennial with extensive rhizome.
Flowers yellowish
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.49 - 0.83
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

In rocky montane grassland.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Galium thunbergianum world distribution map, present in Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Rwanda, Sudan, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:750737-1
WFO ID wfo-0000970382
COL ID 6K9F4
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Galium thunbergianum Galium rotundifolium var. normale

Lower taxons

Galium thunbergianum var. hirsutum Galium thunbergianum var. thunbergianum