Gardenia imperialis K.Schum.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Gardenia

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree 3–12(?–15) m. tall with simple bole or several trunks up to 20(–45) cm. wide and often with horizontal annular rings; branchlets stout, spreading, grey; young parts of stem and young leaves viscid and puberulous to glabrescent; slash variable, often green, edged with cream or orange.. Leaves opposite; blades large, elliptic to obovate-elliptic 5.5–56 cm. long, 3–26 cm. wide, gibbous at the base on either side of the midrib to form 2 cavities for ants 1–3 mm. deep, obtuse or less often shortly acuminate at the apex, cuneate to subcordate at the base, glabrous above, ± puberulous on the lower surface, olive-brown on drying, shiny; domatia absent; petiole 2–6 mm. long; stipules tubular, ± 1 cm. long, the margin incised-dentate; domatia absent.. Buds dark purple-red.. Flowers 1–3, erect or ± pendent, sessile, with strong sweet fragrance.. Calyx sticky; tube oblong-ellipsoid, 1–1.5 cm. long; tubular part of limb 1–2 cm. long, ribbed, the ribs reaching the apices of 5(?–8) narrowly triangular lobes which are 5–10 mm. long and have thin margins.. Corolla white, turning brown, or tube pinkish or brownish red outside, pinkish white inside and lobes white and pink, flecked crimson outside, the pink parts being those exposed in bud, subscabrous or glandular papillate outside; tube (7–)8–24 cm. long, 3–5(–7.5) cm. wide at the throat; lobes broadly ovate or oblong-falcate, 3.5–6 cm. long, 2.2–4 cm. wide, puberulous or papillate on the exposed parts.. Anthers 2.5–4 cm. long.. Style glabrous, gradually thickened into a yellow club-shaped apex split into 2 lobes for about 2–2.5 cm.. Fruit red-brown, globose or broadly ellipsoid, or sometimes ± quadrangular in section, 5–7.2 cm. long, 3–5 cm. in diameter, the wall 2–3 mm. thick, the endocarp forming 2–3, pale, ± shiny, ± hemispherical pieces, crowned by the persistent calyx-limb.. Seeds very numerous, yellow-brown, 3–5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, compressed-ellipsoid, embedded in a pulp to form a solid mass, finely shagreened and wrinkled.
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Leaves opposite; blades large, 5.5–56 × 3–26 cm, elliptic to obovate-elliptic, gibbous at the base on either side of the midrib to form 2 cavities 1–3 mm deep for ants, obtuse or less often shortly acuminate at the apex, cuneate to subcordate at the base, glabrous above, ± puberulous on the lower surface, olive-brown on drying, shiny; domatia absent; petiole 2–6 mm long; stipules c. 10 mm long, tubular, the margin incised-dentate.
Corolla white, turning brown, or tube pinkish or brownish-red outside, pinkish-white inside and lobes white and pink, often pink-spotted, flecked crimson outside, the pink parts being those not exposed in bud, subscabrous or glandular papillate outside; tube (7)8–24 cm long, 3–5(7.5) cm wide at the throat; lobes 5, 3.5–6 × 2.2–4 cm, broadly ovate or oblong-falcate, puberulous or papillate on the exposed parts.
Shrub or small tree (1.2) 3–12(15) m tall, with several trunks or with a simple bole up to 20(45) cm wide and often with horizontal annular rings; branchlets stout, spreading, grey; young parts of stem and young leaves viscid and puberulous to glabrescent; gum exudate yellow; slash variable, often green with cream-coloured or orange edges.
Fruit red-brown, orange within, 5–7.2 cm long and 3–5 cm in diameter, globose or broadly ellipsoid, or sometimes ± quadrangular in section, the wall 2–3 mm thick, the endocarp forming 2–3 pale ± shiny ± hemispherical pieces, crowned by the persistent calyx limb.
Calyx sticky; tube 10–15 mm long, oblong-ellipsoid; limb-tube 10–20 mm long, ribbed, the ribs reaching the apices of 5(?8) narrowly triangular lobes which are 5–10 mm long and have thin margins.
Style glabrous, gradually thickened into a yellow club-shaped pollen presenter split into 2 lobes for about 2–2.5 cm.
Seeds very numerous, yellow-brown, 3–5 × 3 mm, compressed ellipsoid, finely shagreened and wrinkled.
Flower buds dark purple-red; flowers 1–3, erect or ± pendent, sessile.
A tree, to 60 ft. high, with stout branchlets
Viscid on the younger parts
Anthers 2.5–4 cm long.
Large shining leaves
Flowers white
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 16.64
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Swamp-forest and riverine locations.
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In swamp forest and by streams.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses material medicinal wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 25 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Gardenia imperialis world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Gardenia imperialis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:751061-1
WFO ID wfo-0000970962
COL ID 6JX5W
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Gardenia imperialis

Lower taxons

Gardenia imperialis subsp. imperialis Gardenia imperialis subsp. physophylla