Gardenia J.Ellis

Gardenia (en)

Genus

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae

Characteristics

Shrubs or rarely trees, sometimes with short shoots (Gardenia angkorensis, G. sootepensis), unarmed or with short shoots sometimes spinescent, with buds and young stem apices often resinous. Raphides absent. Leaves opposite or rarely ternate, sometimes clustered at stem apices, often with domatia; stipules persistent or deciduous, united shortly around stem or united completely into a conical cap (i.e., calyptrate), triangular or when united into a cap then splitting along one side. Inflorescences pseudoaxillary and/or terminal, fascicled to cymose and several flowered or reduced to 1 flower, pedunculate to sessile, bracteate. Flowers sessile to pedicellate, bisexual, monomorphic, often showy. Calyx with ovary portion well developed and often longitudinally ridged; limb 5-8-lobed or sometimes fused into a tube or conical cap that splits irregularly as corolla elongates (i.e., spathaceous), often well developed. Corolla white to cream, salverform or funnelform, glabrous or variously pubescent inside; lobes 5-12, convolute in bud. Stamens 5-12, inserted in corolla throat, included or partially exserted; filaments very short or reduced; anthers dorsifixed. Ovary 1-celled, ovules numerous on 2-6 parietal placentas; stigma clavate or 2-lobed, included or exserted. Fruit generally yellow to orange, red-orange, or brown with pulp usually orange, baccate, leathery or fleshy, ellipsoid to subglobose, smooth or with longitudinal ridges, with calyx limb usually persistent or sometimes upper part tardily deciduous; seeds numerous, medium-sized, ellipsoid, compressed, embedded in pulp; testa leathery or membranous; endosperm usually corneous; embryo small or medium-sized; cotyledons broad, leaflike.
More
Shrubs, small trees or occasionally small pyrophytic subshrubs, unarmed or lateral branches becoming stoutly spinescent; young parts often glutinous; branches sometimes in whorls of 3. Leaves opposite or verticillate, petiolate, thin to distinctly coriaceous, with or without domatia; stipules sheathing, often truncate; buds containing wax-secreting glands. Flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate, hermaphrodite solitary or in few-flowered fascicles, terminal or pseudo-axillary, usually white, mostly large and elegant, strongly perfumed. Calyx-tube variously shaped with the tubular part of the limb usually well-developed, truncate or with marginal or submarginal often decurrent lobes; limb sometimes unilaterally split. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped or cylindrical and then usually long and narrow; lobes 5–12, contorted, overlapping to the left in bud, obtuse or rounded at the apex. Anthers included or apices just exserted; pollen grains in tetrads. Ovary 1-locular, with 2–9 parietal placentas; style elongate, clavate at the apex, glabrous or pubescent; stigma exserted, bilobed or not, usually many-lamellate, fruit globose or ellipsoid, with a usually thick fibrous or woody wall. Seeds mostly very numerous, compressed, elliptic in outline, ± 3–10 mm. long, with thin smooth or slightly reticulate testa, stuck together into a solid mass with a pulp.
Shrubs, small trees or occasionally small pyrophytic subshrubs (low, spreading suffrutices with woody underground stems), unarmed but lateral branches can appear stoutly spinescent; young parts often glutinous; branches sometimes in whorls of 3.
Ovary 1-locular at least in the basal part, or 2-locular in G. brachythamnus with 2–9 parietal placentas; style elongate, glabrous or pubescent; pollen presenter clavate, bilobed or not, usually many-lamellate, ± exserted.
Seeds mostly very numerous (or 4 per locule in G. brachythamnus), compressed, elliptic in outline, about 3–10 mm long, with thin smooth or slightly reticulate testa, stuck together into a solid mass.
Leaves opposite or verticillate, petiolate, chartaceous to distinctly coriaceous, with or without domatia; stipules sheathing, often truncate; buds containing glands secreting sticky exudate.
Flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate, hermaphrodite, solitary or in few-flowered fascicles, terminal or pseudoaxillary, usually white, mostly large and elegant, strongly perfumed.
Calyx tube variously shaped with the limb-tube usually well developed, truncate or with marginal or submarginal often decurrent lobes; limb sometimes unilaterally split.
Corolla tube funnel-shaped or cylindrical and then usually long and narrow; lobes 5–12, contorted, overlapping to the left in bud, obtuse or rounded at the apex.
Fruit globose or ellipsoid with a usually thick fibrous or woody wall.
Anthers included, apices just exserted or up to ½ exserted.
Pollen grains in tetrads.
Life form -
Growth form
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) -
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Antiphlogistic (unspecified), Febrifuge (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 25 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Gardenia unspecified picture
Gardenia unspecified picture

Distribution

Gardenia world distribution map, present in Angola, Andorra, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Congo, Cook Islands, Cabo Verde, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Philippines, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, Somalia, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331627-2
WFO ID wfo-4000015323
COL ID 8VXS3
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 445929
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pleimeris Sulipa Gardenia

Lower taxons

Gardenia kamialiensis Gardenia chanii Gardenia epiphytica Gardenia subcarinata Gardenia vulcanica Gardenia ornata Gardenia gjellerupii Gardenia beamanii Gardenia angkorensis Gardenia archboldiana Gardenia artensis Gardenia aubryi Gardenia chevalieri Gardenia clemensiae Gardenia collinsae Gardenia colnettiana Gardenia conferta Gardenia cornuta Gardenia coronaria Gardenia costulata Gardenia faucicola Gardenia fiorii Gardenia gordonii Gardenia grievei Gardenia griffithii Gardenia gummifera Gardenia hageniana Gardenia hainanensis Gardenia hansemannii Gardenia hillii Gardenia hutchinsoniana Gardenia imperialis Gardenia invaginata Gardenia lacciflua Gardenia lamingtonii Gardenia mollis Gardenia moszkowskii Gardenia nitida Gardenia ovularis Gardenia pallens Gardenia panduriformis Gardenia papuana Gardenia psidioides Gardenia pterocalyx Gardenia racemulosa Gardenia reinwardtiana Gardenia remyi Gardenia resinifera Gardenia resiniflua Gardenia resinosa Gardenia rupicola Gardenia rutenbergiana Gardenia saxatilis Gardenia schlechteri Gardenia sericea Gardenia similis Gardenia siphonocalyx Gardenia sokotensis Gardenia sootepensis Gardenia storckii Gardenia subacaulis Gardenia tannaensis Gardenia tessellaris Gardenia thailandica Gardenia thunbergia Gardenia tropidocarpa Gardenia truncata Gardenia tubifera Gardenia vernicosa Gardenia vilhelmii Gardenia vitiensis Gardenia vogelii Gardenia actinocarpa Gardenia anapetes Gardenia annamensis Gardenia aqualla Gardenia barnesii Gardenia boninensis Gardenia brachythamnus Gardenia brighamii Gardenia buffalina Gardenia cambodiana Gardenia candida Gardenia carstensensis Gardenia crameri Gardenia cuneata Gardenia dacryoides Gardenia deplanchei Gardenia dolichantha Gardenia elata Gardenia erubescens Gardenia esculenta Gardenia ewartii Gardenia fusca Gardenia gardneri Gardenia ixorifolia Gardenia jabiluka Gardenia kakaduensis Gardenia lanutoo Gardenia latifolia Gardenia leopoldiana Gardenia leschenaultii Gardenia magnifica Gardenia mannii Gardenia maugaloae Gardenia megasperma Gardenia mutabilis Gardenia ngoyensis Gardenia philastrei Gardenia posoquerioides Gardenia pyriformis Gardenia scabrella Gardenia stenophylla Gardenia tinneae Gardenia transvenulosa Gardenia volkensii Gardenia carinata Gardenia fosbergii Gardenia fucata Gardenia obtusifolia Gardenia petiolata Gardenia propinqua Gardenia schwarzii Gardenia sambiranensis Gardenia brevicalyx Gardenia manongarivensis Gardenia reflexisepala Gardenia longistipula Gardenia kabaenensis Gardenia flava Gardenia trochainii Gardenia ternifolia Gardenia oudiepe Gardenia jasminoides Gardenia urvillei Gardenia taitensis