Gardenia volkensii K.Schum.

Common gardenia (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Gardenia

Characteristics

Tree or shrub 0.9–10 m. tall, with thick crown and occasionally arching branches which sometimes touch the ground; bark smooth, light grey, not breaking down to a powdery surface but sometimes flaking; branchlets pale, often greyish white, glabrous or pubescent or puberulous only at the apices.. Leaves tufted at the ends of short spreading lateral shoots which are arranged ternately; blades obovate or obcuneate and usually small when mature, (0.8–)2.5–9.5 cm. long, (0.8–)1.7–5.5 cm. wide, mostly rounded at the apex, sometimes acute and occasionally crenate, distinctly cuneate at the base, thinner in texture than in next species and with the venation finer and less prominent, glabrous or finely puberulous to slightly scabridulous; some young branchlets (particularly in the Flora Area) are distinctly heterophyllous with some leaves of very different shape, lanceolate to rhomboid-lanceolate, 8–18 cm. long, 1–5.4 cm. wide; petiole 0–2(–3) mm. long; stipules semi-circular to ovate-triangular, 2–5 mm. long, pubescent and ciliate.. Flowers solitary, sweet scented.. Calyx-tube oblong, 0.6–1 cm. long, densely pubescent; tubular part of limb 0.5–1.4 cm. long, glabrous or pubescent outside; lobes 7–9(–10), extraordinarily variable, held at right-angles to tube and decurrent, varying from small linear teeth to spathulate lobes or distinctly leafy, 0.2–1.5(–2) cm. long, 0.5–8 mm. wide, occasionally 2 joined to form a bifid lobe, glabrous, or limb ± truncate.. Corolla open at night, white or cream, turning yellow or orange, very variable in size; tube very narrowly cylindrical, usually more slender than in next species, (2.5–)5–12.5 cm. long, glabrous; lobes 6–9, elliptic to narrowly obovate, 2–5 cm. long, 1–3 cm. wide.. Anthers 1.3–2 cm. long, inserted below the throat.. Placentas 6–9. Style hairy; stigma yellow-green, 4–7 mm. long, 6–9-lobed, shortly exserted.. Fruit very variable in size, usually whitish, grey or greyish orange, ellipsoid to subglobose, 4–11 cm. long, 2.7–10 cm. wide usually with a thick fibrous or woody wall 0.3–1 cm. thick (eventually becoming soft and pulpy , fide J.B. Gillett), usually with prominent wart-like lenticels, unribbed to very markedly coarsely 8–11-ribbed; apical and basal depressions in detached fruits wider than in next species, ± 1.5 cm.; stalk thick, up to 1.3 cm. wide.. Seeds pale yellow-brown, more flattened than in next species, (4–)5–10 mm. long, finely reticulate-shagreened.
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Leaves tufted at the ends of short spreading lateral shoots which are arranged ternately; blades (0.8)2.5–9.5 × (0.8)1.7–5.5 cm, obovate or obcuneate and usually small when mature, mostly rounded at the apex, sometimes acute, distinctly cuneate at the base, occasionally crenate, (thinner in texture than in last species and with the venation finer and less prominent), glabrous or finely puberulous to slightly scabridulous; some young branchlets (particularly in the Flora Zambesiaca area) are distinctly heterophyllous with some leaves of very different shape, these leaves 8–18 × 1–5.4 cm, lanceolate to rhomboid-lanceolate; stipules 2–5 mm long, semi-circular to ovate-triangular, pubescent and ciliate; petiole 0–2(3) mm long.
A shrub or small tree. It can grow 10 m tall. The branches often arch over. The bark is smooth and light grey. The leaves are tufted at the ends of the short side shoots. They are 2.5-9.5 cm long by 1.7-5.5 cm wide. Leaves can vary in shape. Flowers occur singly and open at night. The flowers are white to yellow. The fruit are grey and 4-11 cm long by 3-10 cm wide. They have a woody wall.
Fruit usually whitish, grey or greyish-orange, very variable in size, 4–11 × 2.7–10 cm, ellipsoid to subglobose, usually with a thick fibrous or woody wall 3–10 mm thick, usually with prominent wart-like lenticels, not ribbed to very markedly coarsely 8–11-ribbed; apical and basal depressions in detached fruits wider than in last species, c. 15 mm; stalk thick, up to 13 mm wide.
Calyx tube 6–10 mm long, oblong, densely pubescent; limb-tube 5–14 mm long, glabrous or pubescent outside; lobes 7–9(10), extraordinarily variable, held at right angles to tube and decurrent, 2–15(20) × 0.5–8 mm, varying from small linear teeth to spathulate lobes or distinctly leaf-like, occasionally 2 joined to form a bifid lobe, glabrous, or limb ± truncate.
Trees or shrubs 0.9–10 m tall with thick crowns and occasionally arching branches which sometimes touch the ground; bark smooth, light grey, not breaking down to a powdery surface but sometimes flaking; branchlets pale, often greyish-white, glabrous or pubescent or puberulous only at the apices.
Corolla white or cream-coloured, turning yellow or orange, very variable in size; tube (2.5)5–12.5 cm long, very narrowly cylindrical, usually more slender than in last species, glabrous; lobes 6–9, 2–7 × 1–4.5 cm, elliptic to narrowly obovate.
Ovary with 6–9 placentas; style hairy, yellow-green; pollen presenter 4–7 mm long, 6–9-lobed, shortly exserted.
Seeds pale yellow-brown, more flattened than in last species, (4)5–10 mm long, finely reticulate-shagreened.
Anthers 1.3–2 cm long, inserted below the throat.
Flowers open at night, solitary.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.9 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses environmental use food material medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or cuttings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 25 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Gardenia volkensii habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Gardenia volkensii leaf picture by Alena Alena (cc-by-sa)
Gardenia volkensii leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Gardenia volkensii leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Gardenia volkensii flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Gardenia volkensii flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Gardenia volkensii flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Gardenia volkensii world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Gardenia volkensii threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:751323-1
WFO ID wfo-0000971256
COL ID 6JWHZ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Gardenia volkensii Gardenia volkensii var. somalensis Gardenia somaliensis var. tubicalyx

Lower taxons

Gardenia volkensii var. saundersiae Gardenia volkensii subsp. spatulifolia Gardenia volkensii subsp. volkensii