Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. & Thonn.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Gardenia

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree 1–6 m. tall, often stunted in appearance; bole up to 20 cm. wide and crown often broad, either entirely glabrous (save for style and domatia) or with stems, leaves and flowers variously pubescent or scabrid, sometimes only youngest parts of stem and upper stipules pubescent; bark smooth to rather rough, yellow-green or grey sometimes breaking down on the shoots to form a yellowish or reddish powder; branches often short and thick, arranged ternately.. Leaves extremely variable, arranged ternately at the ends of short ternate shoots; blades oblanceolate to obovate; elliptic or oblong-obovate, (0.7–)4–18 cm. long, (0.7–)2–11 cm. wide, usually ± rounded at the apex, less often acute, very gradually elongate-cuneate at the base sometimes for over half the length or sometimes rounded, never of the distinct short rounded obovate-cuneate shape of the last species and distinctly thicker than in that species and with coarser more prominent venation, glabrous or sparsely to quite densely shortly scabrid-pubescent; hairy domatia usually present; petiole 0–5 mm. long; stipules broadly ovate, 2–4 mm. long, glabrous or pubescent, those at the nodes bearing flowers in the form of a cup at the base of the calyx-tube.. Calyx-tube 0.4–1 cm. long, glabrous to rather scabrid-pubescent; tubular part of calyx 0.6–1.5 cm. long, ± truncate or with 6–9(–12) lobes which are very variable, linear, narrowly-oblong or elliptic to distinctly spathulate, 0.2–1.5 cm. long, 0.5–4 mm. wide, acute or obtuse; occasionally 2 joined together for half their length.. Flowers strongly scented; corolla white at first, later bright then dull yellow; tube cylindric, (2.5–)4.5–11 cm. long, 1–2.5 cm. wide, glabrous to adpressed pilose but rarely densely hairy; lobes 6–9, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 2–5.5 cm. long, 1–2.5 cm. wide, mostly glabrous.. Anthers ± 1.5 cm. long, included in the tube.. Stigma greenish yellow, fluted, 5–9-lobed, 5 mm. long, shortly exserted.. Fruit yellowish to reddish brown, narrowly to broadly oblong-ellipsoid or ellipsoid, less often subglobose or narrowly fusiform, 3.5–7.5(–8) cm. long, 1.6–3.3(–5.6) cm. wide, with wall fibrous or woody, 0.5–1 cm. thick, finely striate, and ± obscurely lenticellate but essentially smooth and without coarse ribs (although some ribbing has been indicated for young fruits in collectors’ drawings).. Seeds chestnut-brown, flattened ellipsoid, 3.5–4(–4.5) mm. long, 2–3 mm. wide, finely reticulate-shagreened.
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A shrub or small spreading tree. It grows to 7 m high. The bark is grey or yellowish-brown and smooth. The small branches occur in rings or 3 at right angles to the branches. They are covered with rusty coloured powder. The leaves are opposite or in rings of 3. They are crowded near the ends of small branches. They are oblong and 13 cm long by 8 cm wide. They are yellowish-green to shiny dark green above. They are paler underneath. There are short hairs on both surfaces. The edges of the leaf is wavy. The flowers are white but turn yellow with age. They are 4 cm across. They have a tube up to 4.5 cm long. The fruit is oval and 5 cm long by 3.5 cm wide. They are finely velvety. They are yellowish-brown when mature. There is the remains of the calyx lobes at the end.
Leaves extremely variable, arranged ternately at the ends of short ternate shoots; blades (0.7)4–18(27) × (0.7)2–11.5 cm, oblanceolate to obovate-elliptic or oblong-obovate, usually ± rounded at the apex, less often acute, very gradually elongate-cuneate at the base sometimes for over half the length or sometimes rounded, (never of the distinct short rounded obovate-cuneate shape of the next species and distinctly thicker than in that species and with coarser more prominent venation), glabrous or sparsely to quite densely shortly scabrid-pubescent; hairy domatia usually present; petiole 0–5 mm long; stipules 2–4 mm long, broadly ovate, glabrous or pubescent, arranged in the form of a cup at the base of the calyx tube at flowering nodes.
Shrub or small tree 1–6 m tall, often stunted in appearance; bole up to 20 cm wide and crown often broad, either entirely glabrous (except for style and domatia) or with stems, leaves and flowers variously pubescent or scabrid, sometimes only youngest parts of stem and upper stipules pubescent; bark smooth to rather rough, yellow-green or grey sometimes breaking down on the shoots to form a yellowish or reddish powder; branches often short and thick, arranged ternately.
Fruit yellowish to reddish-brown, 3.5–7.5(8) × 1.6–3.3(5.6) cm, narrowly to broadly oblong-ellipsoid or ellipsoid, less often subglobose or narrowly fusiform, with wall fibrous or woody 5–10 mm thick, finely striate and obscurely lenticellate but essentially smooth and without coarse ribs (although some ribbing has been indicated for young fruits in collectors' drawings).
Calyx tube 4–10 mm long, glabrous to rather scabrid-pubescent; limb-tube 6–15 mm long, ± truncate or with 6–9(12) lobes which are very variable, 2–15 × 0.5–4 mm, linear, narrowly oblong or elliptic to distinctly spathulate, acute or obtuse, occasionally 2 joined together for half their length.
Corolla, white at first, later bright then dull-yellow; tube (2.5)4.5–11 × 1–2.5 cm, cylindric, glabrous to appressed pilose but rarely densely hairy; lobes 6–9, 20–55 × 10–25 mm, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, mostly glabrous.
Seeds chestnut-coloured, 3.5–4(4.5) × 2–3 mm, flattened ellipsoid, finely reticulate-shagreened.
Pollen presenter greenish-yellow, 5 mm long, fluted, 5–9-lobed, shortly exserted.
Flowers fragrant, white, opening at night, turning yellow next day
Anthers about 15 mm long, included in the tube.
Fruits fibrous, grey-green, long-persistent
A savanna shrub, 5-15 ft. high
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.52 - 6.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in wooded grassland. In East Africa it grows from sea level to 2,100 m altitude. It grows in the Sahel. It can grow in arid places.
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Extending into rather moister regions than the preceding four species (Gardenia lutea, G. erubescens, G. triacantha, G. aqualla).
Brachystegia woodland and grassland with scattered bushes etc at elevations of 700-1,680 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

CAUTION: The fruit can cause diarrhoea. The fruit are eaten raw.
Uses dye food fuel gene source material medicinal poison social use vertebrate poison wood
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 25 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Gardenia ternifolia habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Gardenia ternifolia leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Gardenia ternifolia fruit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Gardenia ternifolia world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Central African Republic, Congo, Cabo Verde, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Gardenia ternifolia threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:751285-1
WFO ID wfo-0000971206
COL ID 6JWGL
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Gardenia ternifolia

Lower taxons

Gardenia ternifolia var. goetzei Gardenia ternifolia subsp. jovis-tonantis Gardenia ternifolia subsp. ternifolia