Gelsemium elegans (Gardner & Champ.) Benth.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Gelsemiaceae > Gelsemium

Characteristics

Usually a straggling half-shrub, sometimes a large, woody climber; twigs glabrous. Leaves ovate-lanceolate (to ovate), (7-)10-12 by 2-5.5 cm, thin-chartaceous to pergamentaceous, base rounded to cuneate, apex long and slenderly acute-acuminate; midrib sunken above; nerves c. 5-8 pairs; petioles ¾-1 cm. Inflorescences terminal and in the upper leaf-axils, together making a pyramidal leafy panicle; lower axillary branches up to 6 cm, the terminal inflorescence c. 3 cm, all sparsely pubescent. Bracts acutely triangular to subulate, up to 4 mm long, ciliate and pubescent on the prominent midrib beneath. Pedicels c. 0.75 cm, bibracteolate. Sepals oblong-ovate, 2½-3½ by 1.25-1.75 mm, acute, erect, outside glabrous or slightly pubescent on the thicken ed to keeled midrib, inside glabrous; no colleters Corolla 1-1.5 cm long, bright yellow to orange, the tube outside brownish, mouth spotted with red, the tube 7-9 mm, thin, fully glabrous, lobes blunt to acute. Stamens inserted about the middle of the tube, filaments 3.5-4 mm long, anthers oblong-ovate to lanceolate, 1½-2 mm long, acute. Ovary oblong to obovoid-lanceolate, 2-2½ mm; style 8-12½ mm. Fruits ellipsoid, 4-10 by 3-4 mm, smooth and glabrous, papyraceous, the valves split at the top. Seeds c. 8 per cell, elliptic to bean-shaped, 3.5 mm ø, warty, the central part hairy, winged all around.
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Climbers, twining, to 12 m. Petiole 6--12 mm; leaf blade ovate, narrowly ovate, or very narrowly ovate, 5--12 X 2--6 cm, membranous to papery, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, apex acuminate, lateral veins 5--7 pairs. Thyrses with main nodes each having 2 lateral cymes and a continuing main axis; bracts acutely triangular to awl-shaped, to 4 mm, ciliate. Pedicel 3--8 mm. Corolla yellow to orange, 1.2--1.9 cm; tube 7--10 mm, outside brownish, mouth with reddish spots; lobes ovate, 5--9 mm, apex blunt to acute. Stamens inserted at middle of corolla tube; filaments 3.5--4 mm; anthers narrowly ovate, 1.5--2 mm, exserted. Ovary narrowly ovoid, 2--2.5 mm. Style 0.8--1.2 cm; stigma pubescent. Capsules ellipsoid to ovoid, 10--14 X 6--8 mm, smooth, glabrous. Seeds elliptic to reniform, ca. 5.5 mm in diam., central part hairy, winged all around. Fl. May-Nov.
A climber or twining plant. It is 12 m long. The leaf stalk is 6-12 mm long. The leaf blade is oval and 5-12 cm long by 2-6 cm wide. The base of the leaf circles the branch. The flower is yellow to orange with red spots. They occur at the tips of the branches in groups of 3. The fruit is a capsule 1-1.4 cm long by 6-8 mm wide. The seeds are kidney shaped and about 5.5 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 8.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in shrubby forests between 200-2000 m altitude in China. In Yunnan.
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In scrubby forests and thickets, 250-2000 m. Fl. June-Aug., Nov., Dec., fr. June-July, Nov.
Scrubby forests and thickets on various soils; at elevations from 250-2,000 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-12

Usage

Uses. Reputed to be very poisonous, especially the leaves and roots; mentioned to be used for murder and suicide. The poisonous element is the alkaloid gelsemidin.
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CAUTION: It is poisonous. It produces alkaloids. Many Loganiaceae are very poisonous.
Uses medicinal poison
Edible -
Therapeutic use Anodyne (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Eruption (unspecified), Fatality (unspecified), Homicide (unspecified), Neuralgia (unspecified), Perspiration (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Poison(Criminal) (unspecified), Scrofula (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Suicide (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Breast (Caked) (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Analgesics (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (unspecified), Skin ulcer (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Gelsemium elegans unspecified picture

Distribution

Gelsemium elegans world distribution map, present in China, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:546348-1
WFO ID wfo-0000696048
COL ID 3FK5L
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Gelsemium sumatranum Medicia elegans Leptopteris sumatrana Gelsemium elegans