Glinus lotoides L.

Lotus sweetjuice (en), Glinus faux-lotier (fr), Glinus faux lotier (fr), Glinus faux lotus (fr), Gline faux lotier (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Molluginaceae > Glinus

Characteristics

Prostrate or ascending pluricauline annual, often with a long, strongish taproot. Entire plant when young greyish green, at an advanced age often reddish brown. Stems spreading in all directions, much branched, 15-90 cm long, terete, with thickened nodes, especially in the higher part clothed with white, stellate hairs. Stipules linear, acute. Radical leaves rosulate, fugacious; higher leaves opposite or spuriously 3-nate, broadly oval or oval-obovate from a cuneate base, obtuse or rounded at the apex, often minutely apiculate, frequently with undulate margins, on both surfaces more or less densely (often very densely) clothed with white, stellate hairs or glabrescent above, 10-35 by 6-21 mm; petiole 4-15 mm. Flowers usually in fascicles of 3-8, rarely more (up to 16), mostly very shortly pedicelled or subsessile. Pedicels 1-2 mm, stellately hairy, sometimes much longer (up to 15 mm). Tepals during anthesis (sunny morning-hours) erecto-patent, before and after anthesis erect or conniving, oblong, distinctly mucronate, 6-10 mm long, inside quite glabrous, outside more or less densely stellate-hairy, green, the in bud overlapped margins white. Stamens (in Malaysian specimens) 5-15; filaments filiform or very narrowly ligulate; anthers white. Ovary glabrous, during anthesis ± 3 mm high. Styles 5, erect or obliquely patent, 1 ¼-1½ mm long. Capsule 5-valved. Seeds very numerous, closely packed, reniform, brown, finely granulate, ± ⅔ mm long; strophiole broad, white, ± ½ mm long.
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Herb, annual or perennial, with stem and branches prostrate to ascending, 10–40 cm long, with conspicuous indumentum of stellate hairs. Cauline leaves barely petiolate or with stellate-hairy petioles to c. 1 cm long; lamina mostly very widely obovate to obovate, 8–23 mm long, 7–14 mm wide, margin entire, both surfaces greyish green and with a moderate to dense indumentum of stellate hairs, upper surface sometimes glabrescent (Walsh 1996: 227). Flowers c. 3–8 in axillary clusters, near-sessile or on stellate-hairy pedicels to c. 5 mm long. Perianth segments 6–7 mm long, externally stellate-hairy but internally glabrous, with 1 or 2 segments thin and entirely herbaceous, and other segments with scarious margins. Stamens c. 10–15; some staminodes also present. Ovary glabrous. Styles 5, 1–1.5 mm long. Capsule 4.5–6 mm long, 5-valved, 4–6 mm long, enclosed within the perianth. Seeds subreniform, c. 0.4 mm long, shiny reddish brown, with lines of tubercles.
A semi-erect, decumbent or prostrate and rosette-forming pale-or grey-green diffusely-branched densely stellate pubescent herb up to 20 cm. high; branchlets 10–45 cm. long.. Leaves opposite or apparently verticillate, petiolate, 10–42 mm. long (including petiole of 1–11 mm.), 5–22 mm. broad; blade elliptic or obovate or suborbicular, plane or the veins impressed above and prominent below, entire or the margin obscurely wavy, subacute to rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base.. Flowers greenish-white, sometimes with a pink tinge, not conspicuous, in tight nodal fascicles, 2–10 per node, pedicellate; pedicels 1.5–4 mm. long.. Sepals 5, free.. Staminodes 0–9, strap-shaped, two-pronged at the apex.. Stamens 11–30.. Ovary of 5, rarely 3 united carpels.. Fruiting calyx 2.5–4.5 mm. broad, 5–8 mm. long.. Fig. 5/1–7.
Covered all over with rather rigid stellate and simple spreading hairs. Stems 15-50 cm long, with internodes usually less than 1 cm long. Lower leaves alternate, the upper in whorls of 2-4, petiolate, the blades obovate to almost orbicular, 0.5-3 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide, obtuse or subacute; petioles 0.3-1.5 cm long. Flowers solitary or more often in groups of 3-8 or more, on pedicels 1-3 mm long. Perianth segment 3-9 mm long, acute or mucronate, more or less keeled, the inner with broad membranous edges. Stamens 10-20 or more, rarely 3-5, the outer often without anthers. Stigmas 3 or 5. Seeds dark brown, smooth or with raised ridges, with or without tubercles, the aril about half the length of the seed.
Herbs sturdy, densely stellate tomentose. Stems decumbent, 10-40 cm, much branched. Petiole very short; basal leaves in a rosette, drying soon; upper leaves verticillate or opposite, obovate to oblong-spatulate, 6-24 × 5-15 mm, base attenuate, decurrent, margin entire, apex obtuse, rounded, or acute. Flowers several, in groups, sessile or subsessile. Tepals elliptic or oblong, 4-6(-10) mm. Stamens usually 3-15, free. Ovary ovoid, 5-loculed; styles 5, free, linear, short, curved outward. Capsule ovoid, ca. as long as persistent tepals, 5-valved. Seeds numerous, chestnut-brown, reniform, granulose; strophiole scrotiform, ca. 2/3 as long as seed or longer. Fl. and fr. spring-summer. 2n = 36.
Stems 0.5-3.5 dm. Leaves whor-led; petiole 1-7 mm; blade obovate or orbiculate to broadly spatulate, 5-25 × 0.4-17 mm, base cuneate, apex broadly rounded to acute. Flowers in clusters of 3-15; sepals lanceolate, 3.5-4.1 × 0.4-2 mm, stellate-pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, apex rounded to acute or slightly mucronate; stamens 3-5. Capsules ellipsoid, 3.6-4.5 × 1.8-2 mm. Seeds 10-25 per locule, orange-brown, 0.4-0.6 × 0.3-0.4 mm, papillate, somewhat glossy or dull; papillae sometimes black. 2n = 36.
Much-branched, prostrate annual, stems 150-500 mm long, covered with stellate and simple hairs. Leaves alternate below, with upper ones in whorls, narrowly elliptic to ovate, ± fleshy, without stipules. Flowers 1 or 3-8 axillary cymes, sepals with acute mucronate tips, yellowish to whitish green on inside, inner 3 with membranous edges, stamens 10-20 or more.
A herb. It lays along the ground. The stem are hairy. They are 10-40 cm long. There are many branches. The leaves at the base are in a ring. These dry off. The higher leaves are 6-24 mm long by 5-15 mm wide. Several flowers occur in a group. The fruit are capsules which have 5 valves. There are many chestnut brown seeds. They are kidney shaped.
Leaves alternate, opposite or apparently verticillate; laminae 2–37 × 4–23 mm., elliptic, obovate, spathulate or circular, entire; base cuneate, apex subacute to rounded; petiole up to 1–3 cm. long, green when glabrous or glabrescent, whitish when densely covered with persistent stellate silky hairs.
Is intr. from Africa into s. U.S., n. to c. Mo. It is a low annual, with forking, stellate-villous stems, small, rounded, opposite lvs, and clustered small fls with 3–5 stamens, 3–5 locules, a single short style, and tuberculate seeds.
Flowers greenish-white, sometimes with a pink tinge, apparently cleistogamous, inconspicuous, clustered at nodes, 2–10 per node; pedicels 1–4 mm. long.
A decumbent, semi-prostrate or prostrate spreading rosulate herb up to 30 cm. high, diffusely branched, covered with whitish silky stellate hairs.
Perianth-segments up to 8 mm. long, more or less keeled, acute or mucronate, remaining closed around the fruit.
Seeds dark brown, usually with ridges, with or without tubercles, the aril c. 1/2 the length of the seed.
Staminodes 0–8, strap-shaped, 2-fid at apex.
Ovary of (3)5 united carpels; stigmas (3)5.
Fruit a capsule, 6 mm. long.
A herb of moist sandy places
Stamens usually numerous.
Very variable.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.23
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

In settled areas of the dry regions up to ± 800 m in seasonally swampy and again desic-cated localities on heavy soils, in dried-up pools and ditches and on fallow rice-fields, locally often very numerous and then very conspicuous by its white or reddish brown colour, often growing inter-mixed with the following species.
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A tropical plant. They grow in open sands and riversides and waste places from sea level to 500 m altitude in China. It is often in muddy areas along watercourses and wetlands. It grows between 600-1,440 m above sea level in Africa. In Argentina it grows below 100 m above sea level.
Found in an array of wet habitats, including the margins of waterholes, on black soil plains, floodplains and billabongs.
Woodlands, mixed savannah woodland, grassland, riverine forest, river banks, dry stream beds, sandy soils and roadsides.
Light -
Soil humidity 7-9
Soil texture 4-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The young shoots are eaten as a pot-herb.
Uses animal food food food additive gene source invertebrate food medicinal
Edible leaves shoots stems
Therapeutic use Hemorrhoids (leaf), Pain (leaf), Urinary tract infections (leaf), Abdominal pain (root), Digestive system diseases (root), Dyspepsia (root), Anthelmintics (seed), Pain (stem), Abdomen (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Itch (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Abdominal pain (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antioxidants (unspecified), Atherosclerosis (unspecified), Bites and stings (unspecified), Cathartics (unspecified), Central nervous system depressants (unspecified), Central nervous system diseases (unspecified), Cholesterol (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Furunculosis (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Hemorrhoids (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Liver diseases (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Vomiting (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Child health (unspecified), Abdominal pain (whole plant), Abscess (whole plant), Diarrhea (whole plant), Hemorrhage (whole plant), Ulcer (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Glinus lotoides leaf picture by Patty Papp (cc-by-sa)
Glinus lotoides leaf picture by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)
Glinus lotoides leaf picture by Joaquim Muchaxo (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Glinus lotoides flower picture by Pascal DUPUIS (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Glinus lotoides fruit picture by Acosta García Isabel (cc-by-sa)
Glinus lotoides fruit picture by Acosta García Isabel (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Glinus lotoides world distribution map, present in Angola, Anguilla, Albania, Argentina, American Samoa, Australia, Burundi, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Cabo Verde, Cyprus, Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Spain, Ethiopia, France, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Greece, Croatia, Indonesia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Sri Lanka, Morocco, North Macedonia, Mali, Myanmar, Montenegro, Mozambique, Mauritania, Malawi, Malaysia, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, South Sudan, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tunisia, Turkey, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Glinus lotoides threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327312-2
WFO ID wfo-0000703708
COL ID 3G9GR
BDTFX ID 30282
INPN ID 100332
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Mollugo lotoides Mollugo hirta Pharnaceum hirtum Mollugo glinus Doosera esculenta Glinus astrolasion Glinus dictamnoides Glinus micranthus Glinus ononoides Glinus parviflorus Mollugo lotoides Glinus lotoides subsp. hirtus Glinus lotoides var. macrantha Glinus lotoides var. micrantha Glinus lotoides var. pedicellatus Mollugo hirta var. lotoides Glinus lotoides var. dictamnoides Glinus lotoides var. lotoides Glinus lotoides

Lower taxons

Glinus lotoides var. virens