Gnaphalium americanum Mill.

Cotonnière d'Amérique (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Gnaphalium

Characteristics

Erect, ephemeral herb, sparingly branched; stems drying angled, silvery white with more or less appressed arachnoid hairs, to 50 cm tall. Leaves spatulate to oblanceolate, decurrent on the stem for a short distance but not auricled, mostly entire, apically mucronulate, strongly discolorous, the lower leaves dark above, to 5 cm long and 8 mm broad, sparingly arachnoid pubescent on emerging, soon glabrous, shiny, dark when old, beneath white-tomentose, the midvein prominent, the margins slightly revolute. Inflorescence an often-interrupted spicate raceme to 8 cm long and 15 mm thick, tapering upwards from below the middle, the heads in clusters of 1-6, the lowermost clusters subtended by leaflike, linear bracts which diminish upwards in the spike; pedicels lanate. Heads disciform cyathiform to fusiform, 3-5 mm high; involucral bracts imbricate in several series, the innermost equal, green-keeled with broad hyaline margins and the apical portion conspicuously dark brown, the outer series much shorter, broader, and lacking a conspicuous keel or brown tips; receptacle flat or slightly concave, naked, muricate; ray florets capillary, narrowed upwards, the corolla 1-2-notched and darkened, 3 mm long, numerous, the ovary fertile; disc florets few, 3 mm long, the corolla tubular, apically unequally 4-notched and darker, the tube white, the anthers 4, with fimbriate basal tails, the appendages obtuse, the style branches truncate, apically glandular fringed. Achenes 1 mm long, fusiform, weakly 1-4-angled with sparse glandular trichomes or tubercules, weakly longitudinally muricate-striate, yellowish to amber colored, sometimes slightly compressed; pappus of many slender, 2-2.5 mm long, basally strigose bristles which may be acicular or expanded at the tips, basally connate and falling as a unit before the fruit is shed.
More
Annual or biennial, 10-30 cm tall, usually branched only at base; stems 1-several, erect or ascending. Basal lvs usually present at flowering, sometimes dead but persistent, apetiolate, elliptic-oblong to spathulate, 25-70 mm long. Lower cauline lvs apetiolate, densely white-tomentose on lower surface, usually glabrous but sometimes with a few hairs on upper, discolorous, plane, narrow-spathulate to almost linear, obtuse to acute, shortly mucronate, usually flat, sometimes undulate, 20-35 × 2-8 mm; uppermost cauline lvs smaller, often folded, undulate and linear. Capitula in dense terminal and axillary clusters; clusters forming a dense terminal spike and sometimes scattered below. Involucral bracts oblong, apiculate, 3.5-4.2 mm long; stereome green or reddish purple; lamina pale brown, usually with darker markings toward base; gap and margins clear; outer bracts glabrous. Achenes minutely papillate, c. 0.6 mm long.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.4
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 14 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 21
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Gnaphalium americanum world distribution map, present in New Zealand and Panama

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:209084-1
WFO ID wfo-0000130844
COL ID -
BDTFX ID 30469
INPN ID 100437
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Gnaphalium americanum Gnaphalium consanguineum Gnaphalium americanum var. americanum Gamochaeta americana var. americana Gnaphalium americanum var. alpina