Gouania lupuloides Urb.

Whiteroot (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rhamnaceae > Gouania

Characteristics

Inflorescences glomerules, sessile or subsessile, 5-8-flowered, arranged in "spikes" 8-18 cm long, each glomerule subtended by a bract, deltoid, 2-3 mm long, pubescent, the rachis pubescent. Flowers mostly bisexual, sometimes functionally carpellate or staminate by reduction; subsessile or with pedicels 1-2 mm long; floral tube more or less obconic, pubescent; sepals deltoid, ca. 0.6-1 mm long, keeled on the inner surface, densely pubescent on the outer surface; petals white, ca. 0.8-0.9 mm long; stamens functional or reduced, the filaments ca. 0.5-0.8 mm long, the anthers ca. 0.15-0.2 mm long; nectariferous disc 1-or 2-lobed between the stamens, generally 10-ridged, sparsely pubescent near the emergence of the styles; ovary functional or sometimes reduced, the styles 3, ca. 0.6-0.9 mm long. Schizocarps sparsely pubescent on the body, rarely densely so, the body brown to green-black, ca. 3-4 mm high, the wings paler, dolabriform, ca. 5-6 mm high and 4-5 mm wide; seeds 3, brown, ca. 2 mm. long.
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Woody vines scrambling and climbing to 7–12 m. Leaves: petiole hairy; blade elliptic to ovate or lanceolate, 4–10 cm, base rounded to subcordate, margins serrate to crenate-serrulate, apex acute-acuminate, abaxial surface glabrous [densely hairy] except veins sparsely puberulent-pubescent, adaxial surface glabrous [densely hairy, glabrescent]. Inflorescences: racemelike portions 5–20 cm. Pedicels (0.5–)1–3 mm, densely hairy. Flowers: hypanthium densely [white to] brown-hairy externally, glabrous internally except at orifice; nectary lobes chartaceous. Schizocarps 6–13 mm, glabrous; samaras butterfly-shaped, wings reniform/1/2-elliptic, 7–14 × 2–6 mm.
Lianas, or scandent to arching shrubs, the tendrils at the bases of the inflorescences, the younger stems pubescent, the trichomes grey to brown. Leaves inconspicuously 3-nerved at the base, ovate or sometimes elliptic, acute, serrate, the teeth mostly glandular and remote, rounded to shallowly cordate basally, to 11(-13) cm long and 7(-9) cm wide, glabrous to sparsely pubescent above, more or less glabrous, appressed-pubescent on the veins to densely pubescent beneath; petioles 0.5-1.5(-2) cm long, pubescent, the stipules minute, deciduous.
A woody climber. It grows 7-12 m long. It has tendrils. The young stems are hairy. The leaves are 11 cm long by 7 cm wide. They are often heart shaped at the base. The flowers are as 5-8 in long heads. These are 8-18 cm long. The fruit has 3 wings. They are 5-7 mm long. The seeds are 3-4 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Dry, moist, or wet thickets or forest, most often in second-growth thickets, ascending from sea level to elevations of around 1,500 metres.
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A tropical plant. In Argentina it grows below 500 m above sea level.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The stems are used for flavouring for a cooling drink. The bark is chewed as a stimulant. The bitter stems and chopped to produce foam that is added to ginger beer, root beers and root tonics to add flavour and body.
Uses bee plant food gum invertebrate food material medicinal
Edible barks roots stems
Therapeutic use Dentifrice (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gingivitis (unspecified), Gum (unspecified), Mouth (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Pyorrhea (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Stomatitis (unspecified), Throat (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Soap (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Gouania lupuloides unspecified picture

Distribution

Gouania lupuloides world distribution map, present in Argentina, Antigua and Barbuda, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Honduras, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Mexico, Montserrat, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, El Salvador, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:112858-2
WFO ID wfo-0000708315
COL ID 6KS56
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 629783
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Rhamnus domingensis Gouania lupuloides Banisteria lupuloides Gouania glabriuscula Gouania paniculata Gouania domingensis Gouania glabra Gouania lupuloides var. aptera Gouania lupuloides var. parvifolia Lupulus lupulodes var. domingensis