Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer

American muskwood (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Meliaceae > Guarea

Characteristics

Tree to 25 m. tall, sometimes shrubby. Leaves 10-50 cm. long; leaflets 4-7 pairs (occasionally there is a terminal leaflet), elliptical or lance-elliptical, rarely broadly elliptical, the base subacute to acute, the apex obtuse to acuminate-subacute, glabrous to puberulent along the veins above and below, the rachis glabrous, the blade rarely minutely scattered-papillose. Inflorescences axillary, 4-35 cm. long, paniculate, frequently strict, glabrate to sparsely pubescent. Flowers white to yellow, rarely pink, 4-to 5-merous; calyx shallowly cupulate, shallowly to! deeply lobed, lobes rounded to deltoid, occasionally apiculate, glabrate to puberulent particularly on the apiculum; petals scattered-puberulous to densely puberulent without, glabrous to puberulent within; staminal tube nearly entire to, crenulate to deltoid-dentate, glabrous; anthers 8 (-10); ovary sparingly to densely pubescent, borne on a glabrous gynophore. Capsule light to dark-rufous-brown, frequently lenticellate, globose to fig-shaped, nitid-glabrous to pulverulent, 4(-5)-valved, 4(-5)-celled, the cells 1-seeded; seeds about 3/4 covered by a red aril; the largest capsule seen about 1.5 cm. in diam.
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A shrub or tree. The trunk is straight but branches often. The leaves are compound with an even number of leaflets along the stalk. There are usually 8-10 pairs of narrow opposite leaflets. They are pointed at the tip. The fruit is a capsule with 4 or 5 valves. The seeds are covered with an orange red pulp.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.6
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Lowland forests in Panama. Often found in gallery forests, on alluvial plains and in valleys, it is found in both dense primary forests and, more commonly, in secondary formations.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in the forest. In Argentina it grows below 500 m below sea level.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 5-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Small drops of the toxic sap are added to a fermented drink made form cassava to increase the alcohol content. Caution: Alcohol is a cause of cancer. Occasionally the pulp of the fruit is eaten.
Uses coffee substitute material medicinal oil poison seasoning tea wood
Edible fruits saps seeds
Therapeutic use Emetic (unspecified), Hemostatic (unspecified), Enterorrhagia (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Guarea guidonia habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Guarea guidonia leaf picture by Makoto Makoto (cc-by-sa)
Guarea guidonia leaf picture by Makoto Makoto (cc-by-sa)
Guarea guidonia leaf picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Guarea guidonia flower picture by Makoto Makoto (cc-by-sa)
Guarea guidonia flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Guarea guidonia flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Fruit

Guarea guidonia fruit picture by Moreira Antônio Carlos (cc-by-sa)
Guarea guidonia fruit picture by Yasmin Oliveira (cc-by-sa)
Guarea guidonia fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Guarea guidonia world distribution map, present in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Guarea guidonia threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:114060-2
WFO ID wfo-0000710909
COL ID 3HJCP
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 734243
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Guarea leticiana Trichilia aubletii Melia guara Samyda guidonia Guarea bilibil Guarea eggersii Guarea francavillana Guarea grandifolia Guarea guara Guarea guidonia Guarea parva Guarea puberula Guarea racemiformis Guarea rubescens Guarea surinamensis Guarea rubrisepala Guarea alba Guarea alternans Guarea brachystachya Guarea cabirme Guarea campestris Guarea multiflora Guarea sylvestris Guarea trichilioides Guarea xiroresana Casearia guidonia Sycocarpus rusbyi Trichilia guara Guarea pungans Guarea purgans Guarea rusbyi Guarea trichilioides var. brachystachya Guarea trichilioides var. colombiana Guarea trichilioides var. decandra Guarea trichilioides var. pallida Guarea tuberculata var. purgans Guarea multijuga Guarea andreana Guarea aubletii Guarea rubricalyx