Guettarda speciosa L.

Zebra wood (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Guettarda

Characteristics

Shrub or small branched or unbranched tree 1–8(–18) m. tall with trunk up to 15 cm. wide; young shoots velvety tomentose; stems stout, pubescent, at length glabrescent, with obvious leaf scars, lenticellate; bark brown, slightly rough.. Leaves crowded at the ends of the twigs; blades obovate, 5–32 cm. long, 3.5–22.2 cm. wide, rounded to obtuse at the apex, rounded to cordate at the base, glabrous or almost so above, glabrous to velvety pubescent beneath; petioles 0.5–3(–12) cm. long; stipules sheathing the terminal bud, broadly elliptic, 0.7–2.3 cm. long, soon falling.. Flowers fragrant, in cymose pubescent to glabrous inflorescences from the upper axils; peduncles 0.4–19 cm. long, reddish at apex; secondary peduncles absent or 0.3–3 cm. long; pedicels mostly absent or very short.. Calyx-tube green, tinged pink, campanulate, 1–3(–5) mm. long, adpressed pubescent; limb yellowish, 2–5 mm. long, undulate or with lobes 0–2 mm. long.. Corolla white, cream or yellowish or greenish white, sometimes slightly pink tinged, adpressed silky pubescent outside; tube narrowly cylindrical, 2–4.6 cm. long; lobes 4–9(–11), oblong, 0.2–1.5 cm. long, 1.5–8(–10) mm. wide.. Anthers the same number as the lobes, linear, subsessile in the throat, 3–5 mm. long, included.. Ovary 4–9-locular; style slender, 1.8–4.5 cm. long; stigma green, obconic-cylindric, grooved, slightly bifid, reaching to or just beyond the anthers in long-styled flowers and to less than a half the way up the tube in short-styled flowers.. Fruit green, streaked brownish red, ovoid or subglobose, 0.8–2.5 cm. long, 1.2–3.5(–4) cm. wide; putamen woody surrounded by cavities filled with pith-like tissue.. Seeds 2–5 mm. long, 1.5–5 mm. wide, curved; radicle inferior; stony arilloid tissue present.. Fig. 164.
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Small trees, 3-8 m tall; bark becoming black, smooth or often lenticellate; branchlets rather stout, densely strigillose to velutinous-tomentulose usually becoming glabrescent. Petiole stout, 1.5-5 cm, densely strigillose or velutinous; leaf blade drying thinly to stiffly papery, broadly obovate or broadly elliptic, 11-20 × 8-18 cm, adaxially glabrescent, usually shiny, and often rugulose, abaxially densely tomentulose or strigillose to glabrescent, base obtuse, rounded, subcordate, or shortly cordate, apex obtuse or rounded sometimes with a short tip 3-5 mm; secondary veins 7-11 pairs, weakly but regularly looping to connect; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 6-11 mm, moderately to densely strigillose to strigose sometimes becoming glabrescent, obtuse to rounded. Inflorescences produced in with or often below leaves, subcapitate to congested-cymose, densely velutinous-tomentulose; peduncles 3-12 cm; branched portion 1.5-3 × 2-3.5 cm, axes scorpioid; bracts ovate, 5-7 mm, caducous. Flowers sessile. Calyx densely velutinous-tomentulose to strigillose; ovary portion obconic to cupulate, 2-2.5 mm; limb tubular, 2-3.5 mm, truncate. Corolla white, outside densely velutinous-tomentulose to strigillose; tube 2.5-3 cm, inside glabrous except sericeous in throat; lobes 7 or 8, obovate, 8-10 mm, obtuse to rounded. Drupes apparently green at maturity, oblate, 2-3 cm in diam., sparsely strigillose or tomentulose to eventually glabrescent; pyrene included in fibrous mesocarp. Fl. Apr-Jul.
Leaves crowded at the ends of the twigs; blades 5–32 × 3.5–22.2 cm, obovate, rounded to obtuse at the apex, rounded to cordate at the base, glabrous or almost so above, glabrous to velvety pubescent beneath; petioles 0.5–3(12) cm long; stipules free but overlapping the terminal bud, 0.7–2.3 cm long, broadly elliptic, soon falling.
A shrub or small tree. It grows 6 m tall. It spreads 1-3 m wide. The bark is smooth and creamy grey. The leaves are large and green and have prominent veins. The leaves are 15-23 cm long by 10-18 cm wide. There are fine hairs under the leaves. The flowers are white and have a scent. They open at night for one night.
Ovary 4–9-locular; style slender, 1.8–4.5 cm long; stigma green, obconic-cylindric, grooved, slightly bifid, reaching to or just beyond the anthers in long-styled flowers and to less than a half the way up the tube in short-styled flowers.
Flowers fragrant, in cymose pubescent to glabrous inflorescences from the upper axils; peduncles 0.4–19 cm long, reddish at the apex; secondary peduncles absent or 0.3–3 cm long; pedicels mostly absent or very short.
Corolla white, cream-coloured or yellowish or greenish-white, sometimes slightly pink-tinged, appressed silky pubescent outside; tube 2–4.6 cm long, narrowly cylindrical; lobes 4–9(11), 2–15 × 1.5–8(10) mm, oblong.
Calyx tube green, tinged pink, 1–3(5) mm long, campanulate, appressed pubescent; limb yellowish, 2–5 mm long, undulate or with lobes 0.2 mm long.
Stems stout, with obvious leaf scars, lenticellate, bark brown, slightly rough, pubescent, at length glabrescent; young shoots velvety tomentose.
Anthers the same number as the corolla lobes, 3–5 mm long, linear, subsessile in the throat, included.
Shrub or small, branched or unbranched tree 1–8(18) m tall with trunk up to 15 cm in diameter.
Fruit green, streaked brownish-red, 0.8–2.5 × 1.2–3.5(4) cm, ovoid or subglobose, woody.
Seeds 2–5 × 1.5–5 mm.
Pending.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0 - 3.0
Mature height (meter) 4.5 - 8.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows near the shore. It grows in sand above the high tide mark. It needs a sunny position and well drained soil. It grows on coral islands.
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Coastal strand, rocky or sandy coastal habitats.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The flowers have been used for their perfume in India, the timber used at the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and in the Pacific as a building material (Pike & Leach 1997: 36).
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The fruit are used for drinks.
Uses dye environmental use essential oil material medicinal timber wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Anticholinergic (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Abscess (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Epilepsy (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seeds. Seeds take one month to germinate.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Guettarda speciosa leaf picture by tomasz wozniak (cc-by-sa)
Guettarda speciosa leaf picture by tomasz wozniak (cc-by-sa)
Guettarda speciosa leaf picture by Jessy Jessy Louat (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Guettarda speciosa flower picture by nicoplant (cc-by-sa)
Guettarda speciosa flower picture by nicoplant (cc-by-sa)
Guettarda speciosa flower picture by Dominique Fleurot (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Guettarda speciosa fruit picture by nicoplant (cc-by-sa)
Guettarda speciosa fruit picture by Ahmed Shareef (cc-by-sa)
Guettarda speciosa fruit picture by Emanuele Santarelli (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Guettarda speciosa world distribution map, present in Andorra, Australia, Bangladesh, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Indonesia, Kenya, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mozambique, Nauru, Pitcairn, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Seychelles, Thailand, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, and Samoa

Conservation status

Guettarda speciosa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:752069-1
WFO ID wfo-0000976249
COL ID 3HKHP
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 448196
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Matthiola speciosa Mogorium hirsutum Gardenia speciosa Guettarda tahitensis Jasminum hirsutum Nyctanthes hirsuta Guettarda hirsuta Cadamba jasminiflora Guettarda speciosa var. glabrata Guettarda speciosa var. tahitensis Guettarda speciosa