Guibourtia conjugata (Bolle) J.Léonard

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Guibourtia

Characteristics

Small to medium-sized deciduous tree usually 4-12 m high, occasionally up to 18 m under favourable conditions, sometimes many-stemmed or a shrub. Bark grey or yellowish-brown, fairly smooth; young branchlets slender, sparingly to densely puberulous or pubescent, sometimes becoming glabrescent. Leaves alternate, with a single pair of leaflets: petiole 0.8-1.8 cm long (in our area), glabrous or sparingly to densely puberulous, sometimes indumentum coarse and spreading; leaflets subsessile, asymmetric, 2.5-5(7) cm long, 1.7-3.6 cm wide (in our area), obliquely ovate, scarcely falcate, the outer margin strongly convex, the inner margin nearly straight or slightly convex, rounded or obtuse apically, with 3-6 conspicuous nerves arising from the base, prominent and raised on the lower surface, reticulate venation fairly conspicuous on both surfaces, coriaceous, with scattered pellucid gland-dots, glabrous throughout or sometimes sparsely to fairly densely pubescent along the nerves near the base beneath, margins sometimes very shortly ciliate. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal panicle up to 14 cm long, lateral branches up to 6 cm long, glabrous or sparingly to densely puberulous or pubescent. Flowers white or cream, subsessile or very shortly pedicellate; flower-buds nearly globose, 2-3 mm in diameter; bracteoles rapidly deciduous and shed before the flowers open. Sepals 4, unequal, 2 ovate, 3.5-4 x 2.5-2.75 mm, 2 ± elliptic, ±3.5 x 2 mm, glabrous outside except for the margins, finely pubescent inside. Petals 0. Stamens 10; filaments free, 5-7 mm long, glabrous, alternating long and short; anthers 1.25-1.5 mm long. Disc glabrous. Ovary compressed, semi-orbicular, up to 1.5 x 1 mm, glabrous, very shortly stipitate, stipe clothed with spreading hairs basally at least; ovules 2; style 3-4.5 mm long, glabrous. Pods brown, stipitate, semi-orbicular or obliquely ovate-or obovate-oblong, shortly apiculate apically, 3.3-5(5.5) cm long, 2.2-3 cm wide, ± flattened, indehiscent; valves glabrous, coriaceous, brittle, venose. Seeds solitary, reddish, flattened, ± circular, 20-24 x 17-19 mm, without an aril.
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Tree 6-18 m tall, or sometimes multi-stemmed, to 4.5 m; bark grey, smooth, lightly longitudinally fissured and sometimes peeling in rectangular pieces. Branchlets grey, smooth, becoming grey with fine longitudinal cracks and red-brown lenticels, or entirely red-brown, sparsely pubescent, soon glabrescent. Leaves paripinnate, unijugate; stipules 3-4 x 2-2.5 mm, ovate to elliptic, early caducous; petiole 0.9-2.2 cm long, glabrous; leaflets 3.2-7(9) x 2-4.5(6.5) cm, ovate, asymmetric, apex rounded to acute, base rounded, glabrous; one major and 3-4 veins arising from the base, venation prominulous on both surfaces, resin vesicles in areolae few or none. Occasionally leaflets are fused to give a unifoliolate very broadly ovate leaf with a cordate base (e.g. Barbosa & Balsinhas 5101). Inflorescences axillary and terminal, paniculate; axis terete, pubescent with a mixture of longer and shorter hairs; bracts and bracteoles very early caducous (not seen). Flowers 6-7 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long, terete. Calyx lobes 4, c. 6 x 2-4 mm, elliptic, glabrous and with numerous resin vesicles outside, puberulous inside. Petals absent. Stamens 10; filaments c. 6 mm long, glabrous; anthers dorsifixed. Ovary 2-ovulate, c.1 mm diameter, subcircular, glabrous; stipe very short, with a few spreading hairs; style c. 3 mm long, glabrous; stigma capitate, bilobed. Pod 3.5 x 2.5 cm, broadly elliptic-oblong, slightly asymmetric, flattened, glabrous, the wall chartaceous, with numerous small resin-dots, 1-seeded, indehiscent, with a small very narrowly ovate dorsal wing adjacent to the style remnant. Seed dark brown, shiny, c.22 x 18 mm, broadly elliptic, flattened, exarillate. Germination epigeal; cotyledons suborbicular to depressed-elliptic, slightly asymmetric, 4-6-nerved from the base, hypocotyl and petiolules pubescent. First true leaves similar to foliage leaves.
An erect tree. It is small to medium sized. It grows 9 m tall. It loses its leaves during the year. The bark is pale grey. The leaves are twice divided. The leaflets are oval and only slightly curved. They are 3-5 cm long. They are unequal on each side. They are shiny green above and paler underneath. The flowers are in loose heads at the ends of the branches. They are yellow or white. They are 5 mm across. The fruit is a flat, thin, leathery pod. It is almost round and 4 cm long by 3 cm wide. It is creamy brown. The seed do not have a fleshy layer around them.
Leaves paripinnate, unijugate; stipules 3–4 × 2–2.5 mm, ovate to elliptic, early caducous; petiole 0.9–2.2 cm long, glabrous; leaflets 3.2–7(9) × 2–4.5(6.5) cm, ovate, asymmetric, apex rounded to acute, base rounded, glabrous; one major and 3–4 veins arising from the base, venation prominulous on both surfaces, resin vesicles in areolae few or none.
Pod 3.5 × 2.5 cm, broadly elliptic-oblong, slightly asymmetric, flattened, glabrous, the wall chartaceous, with numerous small resin-dots, 1-seeded, indehiscent, with a small very narrowly ovate dorsal wing adjacent to the style remnant.
Small to medium-sized deciduous tree, up to 12 m high. Leaves with single pair of leaflets; leaflets obliquely ovate, with 3-6 conspicuous basal nerves. Pods brown, stipitate, semi-orbicular, 35-50 x 20-30 mm. Flowers white or cream.
Inflorescences axillary and terminal, paniculate; axis terete, pubescent with a mixture of longer and shorter hairs; bracts and bracteoles very early caducous (not seen).
Ovary 2-ovulate, c.1 mm diameter, subcircular, glabrous; stipe very short, with a few spreading hairs; style c.3 mm long, glabrous; stigma capitate, bilobed.
Branchlets grey, smooth, becoming grey with fine longitudinal cracks and red-brown lenticels, or entirely red-brown, sparsely pubescent, soon glabrescent.
Tree 6–18 m tall, or sometimes multi-stemmed, to 4.5 m; bark grey, smooth, lightly longitudinally fissured and sometimes peeling in rectangular pieces.
Germination epigeal; cotyledons suborbicular to depressed-elliptic, slightly asymmetric, 4–6-nerved from the base, hypocotyl and petiolules pubescent.
Occasionally leaflets are fused to give a unifoliolate very broadly ovate leaf with a cordate base (e.g. Barbosa>i>& Balsinhas 5101).
Calyx lobes 4, c.6 × 2–4 mm, elliptic, glabrous and with numerous resin vesicles outside, puberulous inside.
Seed dark brown, shiny, c.22 × 18 mm, broadly elliptic, flattened, exarillate.
Stamens 10; filaments c.6 mm long, glabrous; anthers dorsifixed.
Flowers 6–7 mm long; pedicels 1.5–2 mm long, terete.
First true leaves similar to foliage leaves.
Petals absent.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.5 - 12.0
Root system -
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Flower color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows in dry soil. It can grow in arid places. It grows in deep sand and along river banks. In Zimbabwe it grows up to 1,500 m above sea level.
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Open woodland, dense bush, usually in deep sand, often along rivers on sandy soils from sea level to elevations of 1,500 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 5-7
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The seeds are used for drinks and oil.
Uses food material oil
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
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Distribution

Guibourtia conjugata world distribution map, present in India, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Guibourtia conjugata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:497150-1
WFO ID wfo-0000168328
COL ID 3HKMV
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Guibourtia conjugata Copaifera gorskiana Copaiba conjugata Gorskia conjugata Copaifera conjugata