Harpullia arborea (Blanco) Radlk.

Tulip-wood tree (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Sapindaceae > Harpullia

Characteristics

(Shrub or) tree, up to 33 m high, dbh up to 60 cm, but usually much smaller. Young parts ± densely hirsute, hairs rather long; (on lower side of midrib, in inflorescences, and sepals also with longer glandular hairs). Twigs 3.5-9 mm thick. Leaves 2-6-jugate; petiole 4.5-15 cm long; petiolules 3-8 mm long; all axes hairy, glabrescent. Leaflets ovate to elliptic, 5.5-30 by 2-10 cm, index 1.5-3.5, herbaceous; base oblique with the upper half cordate or both sides acute, or symmetrical and acute to rounded; apex acute to rounded (to acuminate),-acumen usually short, acute; above glabrous but for the midrib, beneath glabrous or sparsely hairy on midrib and very sparsely so on the nerves; midrib above flat to slightly raised; nerves 0.75-2.25-cm apart, above flat; (intersecondary nerves inconspicuous). Inflorescences axillary to rami-or cau liflorous, hairy, ramified only near the base into several axes of about the same length, up to 17 cm long, or with a distinct, up to 35 cm (in fruit up to 60 cm) long main axis with short branches; pedicels in fruit 12-30 mm long. Sepals all equal, ovate to obovate, 5-10.5 by 3-5 mm, (some scattered glandular hairs especially along the margin). Petals: claw 3-7 mm long, blade obovate-oblong, 8-7 by 3-10 mm, white, outside glabrous or claw; and lower half of blade mainly in the centre sparsely hairy, margin often ciliate mainly in the basal part, inside often sparsely hairy. Disc sparsely to densely hairy. Stamens 5(-7); filaments 10-17 mm long; anthers 2-2.5 mm long. Pistil 2(-4)-locular; style 14-17 mm long; ovules 1 or 2 per locule. Fruits 9-31 by 27-65 mm; stipe up to 4.5(-7) mm high; lobes spreading, slender ellipsoid to globular; out-side prominently veined to smooth, red, fairly densely to sparsely hairy; wall thin, chartaceous to woody; inside reddish, sparsely hairy to glabrous. Seeds 1 or 2 per locule, black, mahogany-brown, or dark-purple; sarcotesta up to 2.5 mm wide, Orange.
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Tree to 30 m high. Shoots brown-tomentose; branchlets, leaf axes and peduncles villous or glabrescent. Leaf rachis 4–22 cm long; leaflets 6–10, elliptic-oblong or obovate, acute to obtuse, entire, 10–19 cm long, 4–7.5 cm wide, glabrous except midrib and veins below hairy, thinly coriaceous; petiolules 4–6 mm long, tomentose; petiole 4–9 cm long. Inflorescence axillary or ramiflorous, 4–22 cm long, open, or of 2-or 3-flowered cymules. Pedicels 10–50 mm long, drooping. Sepals obovate, 6–7 mm long, membranous, tomentose. Petals clawed, 12–14 mm long, glabrous except claw. Disc hairy. Stamens 5. Ovary pubescent; style 10–15 mm long, twisted. Fruit broadly obcordate, 1.5–2.3 cm long, orange-yellow to red; lobes ellipsoidal or subglobose, reticulate, puberulent; valves drying ±woody, glabrescent or glabrous inside; sepals not persistent. Seed 1 per locule, shiny, black; aril minute or absent.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 33.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Usually well-drained primary forest, sometimes more open secondary formations; on ridges, slopes, and plains, in ravines, sometimes by or in swamps, on river banks, or by the coast, exceptionally in open vegetation; elevations up to 1,200 metres.
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Usually grows in rainforest.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses The bark is used as a fish poison. A watery exudate of the bark and sometimes the fruits is used for washing, to keep away leeches, or is drunk to allay pain. For a description of the timber, see p. 427. The oil pressed out of the seeds is used as an anti-rheumatic. See Brown Useful Pl. Philipp. 2 1950 363 Desch Mal. For. Rec. 15 1954 528 (timber) .
Uses environmental use fuel material medicinal oil poison social use timber wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use Leech (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Shampoo (unspecified), Soap (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Harpullia arborea leaf picture by Sandra Galbraith (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Harpullia arborea fruit picture by Sandra Galbraith (cc-by-sa)
Harpullia arborea fruit picture by Samuel Matthews (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Harpullia arborea world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Fiji, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Nigeria, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Tonga, United States of America, Viet Nam, and Samoa

Conservation status

Harpullia arborea threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:783304-1
WFO ID wfo-0000715815
COL ID 6LFYJ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Otonychium imbricatum Ptelea arborea Harpullia blancoi Harpullia condorensis Harpullia mellea Harpullia glanduligera Harpullia imbricata Harpullia sphaeroloba Harpullia tomentosa Harpullia arborea