Heliophila carnosa (Thunb.) Steud.

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Heliophila

Characteristics

Erect, glabrous shrublets up to 60 cm high, woody at the base from which arise annual flowering shoots with the leaves mostly crowded near the base, or tussock-forming plants with the leaves in a dense rosette; lower part of the annual stems often reddish or purplish. Leaves 3-20 cm long, 0.5-4 mm broad, entire, filiform to strap-shaped or lobed in the upper half with the lobes short (3-5 mm), or long (up to 3 cm), or finely to coarsely pinnately lobed, often somewhat fleshy, acute or acuminate, the midribs of the basal leaves peristent. Stipules subulate-filiform, caducous except on the lower leaves where they are united with the expanded, sheath-like base. Peduncles 8-35 cm long, nearly naked or sparsely and remotely leafy, simple or laxly branched; racemes contracted in the early stages, lengthening to up to 20 cm in fruit. Pedicels 0.7-2.5 cm long in flower, erect, thickened at the apex, subtended by 2 caducous subulate bracts; 1-2.8 cm long in fruit, recurved. Sepals 4-8.5 mm long, 1.3-3.5 mm broad, oblong; outer 2 cucullate and shortly horn-tipped; inner 2 saccate, with broad membranous margins. Petals 6.5-13.5 mm long, 4-9.5 mm broad, narrowly obovate to obovate-circular, rounded, the claw thick, often minutely papillate. Filaments 3.5-5.3 mm and 3.8-5.8 mm long, the 2 short ones sometimes minutely papillate at the base. Anthers 2-4 mm long. Ovary linear-oblong; stigma small, capitate; ovules 14-30. Fruits 2.5-8 cm long, 2.5-5(-6) mm broad, broadly linear with straight margins; valves 1-nerved, faintly reticulate, flat; style 3-10 mm long, straight. Seeds 2.5-4 x 2.8-5.5 mm, sub-circular or broadly oblong, narrowly winged.
More
Perennial herb, up to 0.6 m high. Stems annual, erect, glabrous. Leaves crowded near base or plants tussock-forming with leaves in a dense rosette; petiolate; blade filiform to strap-shaped, or lobed in upper half with lobes short, 3-5 mm long, or up to 30 mm long, or finely to coarsely pinnately lobed, somewhat fleshy, apex acute or acuminate, midribs of basal leaves persistent. Flowers: in accrescent racemes, peduncles 80-350 mm long; petals narrowly obovate to obovate-circular, 6.5-13.5 mm long, clawed; white to purple; Oct.-Jan. Fruit with pedicels recurved; siliquae linear, 25-80 x 2.5-5.0 mm, flat, faintly reticulate.
Perennial dwarf shrub, up to 0.6 m high, erect, glabrous, tussock forming, leaves in a dense rosette. Stems: lower part reddish or purplish. Leaves stipulate, filiform to strap-shaped or lobed in upper half; lobes short, long or pinnately lobed, entire. Flowers white, pink to violet. Sepals oblong, outer 2 cucullate, horn-tipped; inner 2 saccate, margins broad, membranous. Petals narrowly obovate to obovate-circular, rounded, claw thick, minutely papillate. Flowering time Sept.-Mar. Fruit broadly linear, margins straight, faintly reticulate, flat. Seeds subcircular or broadly oblong, winged.
Shrublet, up to 600 mm tall, lower part of annual shoots often reddish. Leaves ± crowded at base, ± strap-shaped, entire to few-lobed in upper half to pinnately lobed, 30-200 x 0.5-4 mm, often ± fleshy. Flowers large, white, pale mauve or pink, rarely purple or blue, crowded near apex, ovules 14-30. Fruit broadly linear, 25-80 x 2.5-5 mm, margins straight. Flowering Aug.-Oct. (in W), Sept.-Jan. (in E).
Tussock-forming shrublets to 60 cm with annual stems from a woody base. Leaves stipulate, filiform or lobed above. Flowers white, pink to violet, ovules 14-30. Fruits broadly linear, 25-80 mm long.
Erect, glabrous dwarf shrub without axillary glands, up to 0.6 m high. Lower leaves often in a rosette, petiolate. Petals narrowly obovate to obovate-circular, clawed. Flowers white to purple.
Life form annual
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 6-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 14 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 18
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Heliophila carnosa world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:284610-1
WFO ID wfo-0001216927
COL ID 3KBSF
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cheiranthus carnosus Hesperis graminea Carpopodium carnosum Cheiranthus gramineus Heliophila platysiliqua Hesperis carnosa Heliophila graminea Heliophila subcornuta Heliophila succulenta Leptormus tripartitus Heliophila carnosa Heliophila abrotanifolia Heliophila grandiflora Heliophila sulcata Heliophila tripartita Heliophila obliqua Heliophila abrotanifolia var. tenuiloba Heliophila sulcata var. modestior