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Helleborus viridis L.

Green hellebore (en), Hellébore vert (fr), Hellébore vert occidental (fr), Ellébore vert (fr), Herbe de saint Antoine (fr), Herbe à broche (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ranunculales > Ranunculaceae > Helleborus

Characteristics

Herbs , 1.2-3.5 dm. Stems fluted and ridged. Leaves 2-5 or more; basal leaves with petioles to 30cm; blades to 4  wide, lobes 6-15, 2-cleft or incised, 6-21 × 1.5-4.2 cm, margins sharply serrate; cauline leaves similar to basal but smaller, sessile or short-petioled. Inflorescences: peduncles 2-5 cm. Flowers pendent, 35-60 mm diam.; sepals scarcely imbricate, 9-20 mm wide; petals upwardly curved, cornucopia-like with involute margins. Follicles 3-6, connate at base, swollen; body 14-25 mm; beak persistent.
More
Plants 2–4 dm; basal lvs long-petioled, divided into 7–11 sharply toothed segments; cauline smaller, with shorter petiole and fewer segments; bracts divided and somewhat leaf-like; fls green, 4–6 cm wide, on peduncles 2–5 cm; follicles connate at the base; 2n=32. Native of Europe, ± established here and there in our range. Earliest spring.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.2 - 0.4
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.35
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Woods, scrub and sunny banks on moist chalk and limestone soils.
Light 3-6
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 1-4
Soil acidity 5-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-8

Usage

Uses environmental use medicinal poison
Edible -
Therapeutic use Emmenagogue (unspecified), Nervine (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Sternutatory (unspecified), Cardiac (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Neuromuscular agents (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified)
Human toxicity very strong toxic (aerial)
Animal toxicity very strong toxic (aerial)

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 42
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Helleborus viridis habit picture by superleolo (cc-by-sa)
Helleborus viridis habit picture by Catherine Biville (cc-by-sa)
Helleborus viridis habit picture by Ka Janine (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Helleborus viridis leaf picture by Frank-Thomas Hellwig (cc-by-sa)
Helleborus viridis leaf picture by Rita Chovan (cc-by-sa)
Helleborus viridis leaf picture by cesare64 (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Helleborus viridis flower picture by Paolo Bonazzi (cc-by-sa)
Helleborus viridis flower picture by Stéphanie machart (cc-by-sa)
Helleborus viridis flower picture by Claudio (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Helleborus viridis fruit picture by Mladen Glavic (cc-by-sa)
Helleborus viridis fruit picture by Mladen Glavic (cc-by-sa)
Helleborus viridis fruit picture by Chris Georges (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Helleborus viridis world distribution map, present in France and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:711386-1
WFO ID wfo-0000719221
COL ID 8S4ZD
BDTFX ID 31533
INPN ID 135276
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Helleborus viridis Helleboraster viridis Helleborus angustifolius Helleborus brevicaulis Helleborus pallidus Helleborus personati Helleborus vaginatus Helleborus viridiflorus

Lower taxons

Helleborus viridis subsp. occidentalis Helleborus viridis subsp. abruzzicus Helleborus viridis subsp. liguricus
WorldFloraDB 2024