Heracleum sphondylium L.

Hogweed (en), Berce commune - patte dours (fr), Grande Berce (fr), Berce sphondyle (fr), Patte d'ours (fr), Berce commune (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Apiaceae > Heracleum

Characteristics

Erect biennial. Stems hispid, hollow, grooved, green to reddish brown, 60-150-(200) cm high. Basal lvs pinnately 3-foliolate or 1-pinnate with up to 9 leaflets, petiolate; leaflets densely hispidulous below, sparsely to moderately above, ternately or pinnately lobed and serrate, c. 5-20 cm long; lobes acute or obtuse; stem lvs similar to basal, more often pinnately 3-foliolate with reduced petiole; petiole usually tinged purple toward base. Umbels 5-20 cm diam.; rays 12-30; bracts 0-7, linear, 8-15 mm long; bracteoles c. 6, linear, up to 15 mm long. Fls numerous, white or tinged pink; outer fls irregular and up to 10 mm diam. Fr. glabrous, ovate-elliptic, light brown, 7-10 mm long; vittae conspicuous, 0.2-0.5 mm wide at base.
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A fairly robust bristly herb. It can take 2 years to complete its life-cycle or grow for several years. It grows 2.5 m tall. The stems are hollow and ridged. The leaves are large and have leaflets along the stalk. These often have 5 lobed segments which have teeth. The upper leaves are smaller. The bases are inflated and flat and wrap around the developing flower. The flower umbel is large and flat. It can be 15 cm across. It is white or pink with 15-45 rays. The petals of the outer flowers are unequal and have notches. The fruit can be rounded or oval and 7-10 mm long. They are flattened and have broad wings.
Lvs pinnate with mostly 5(–9) toothed (and often also cleft) segments; bracts few or none; otherwise much like no. 1 [Heracleum lanatum Michx.], but the lf-segments often smaller and the umbel sometimes with as many as 45 rays; 2n=22. Native of Eurasia, casually intr. in waste places from Nf. to N.Y.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.8
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.8
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in open woodland and grassy banks. It is often along streams. It suits hardiness zones 2-9.
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Moist grassland and ditches, by hedges and in woods.
Light 3-9
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

The young leaves are boiled and eaten as a vegetable. They are also used in soup. The roots have been used as a condiment. The stems and seeds are used to make beer. The leaf stalks are tied in bundles and sun-dried and they exude a sugary substance eaten as a delicacy.
Uses material medicinal poison
Edible flowers leaves roots seeds shoots stems
Therapeutic use Gynecological Aid (unspecified), Unspecified (unspecified), Urinary Aid (unspecified), Callus (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified)
Human toxicity phototoxic (whole)
Animal toxicity toxic (whole)

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Heracleum sphondylium habit picture by Philippe GARRO (cc-by-sa)
Heracleum sphondylium habit picture by Alessandro Damiani (cc-by-sa)
Heracleum sphondylium habit picture by Rupert Lorenzer (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Heracleum sphondylium leaf picture by Rudi Lathouwers (cc-by-sa)
Heracleum sphondylium leaf picture by Jo Ernst (cc-by-sa)
Heracleum sphondylium leaf picture by JuneA2020 (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Heracleum sphondylium flower picture by Ineke de Ligt (cc-by-sa)
Heracleum sphondylium flower picture by claude lerat -gentet Mme (cc-by-sa)
Heracleum sphondylium flower picture by Cristina Larraz (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Heracleum sphondylium fruit picture by romana.olszewska (cc-by-sa)
Heracleum sphondylium fruit picture by Steven Law (cc-by-sa)
Heracleum sphondylium fruit picture by Andrzej Konstantynowicz (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Heracleum sphondylium world distribution map, present in Canada, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:843179-1
WFO ID wfo-0000720220
COL ID 3KXGQ
BDTFX ID 31656
INPN ID 101300
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pastinaca sphondylium Sphondylium conforme Sphondylium longifolium Sphondylium proteiforme Sphondylium branca Selinum sphondylium Heracleum australe Heracleum elegans Heracleum micranthum Heracleum moritzianum Heracleum occidentale Heracleum sphondylium Heracleum trachycarpum Heracleum longifolium Heracleum panaces Heracleum angustifolium Heracleum angustifolium Heracleum armoricum Heracleum chloranthum Heracleum laciniatum Heracleum palmatilobum Heracleum paniculatum Sphondylium vulgare Sphondylium panaces Heracleum sphondylium var. sphondylium Heracleum sphondylium var. angustifolium Heracleum sphondylium var. stenophyllum

Lower taxons

Heracleum sphondylium subsp. granatense Heracleum sphondylium subsp. alpinum Heracleum sphondylium subsp. pyrenaicum Heracleum sphondylium subsp. transsilvanicum Heracleum sphondylium subsp. montanum Heracleum sphondylium subsp. verticillatum Heracleum sphondylium subsp. ternatum Heracleum sphondylium subsp. orsinii Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum Heracleum sphondylium subsp. suaveolens Heracleum sphondylium subsp. aurasiacum Heracleum sphondylium subsp. algeriense Heracleum sphondylium subsp. embergeri Heracleum sphondylium subsp. cyclocarpum Heracleum sphondylium subsp. trifoliolatum Heracleum sphondylium subsp. artvinense Heracleum sphondylium subsp. carpaticum Heracleum sphondylium subsp. flavescens Heracleum sphondylium var. fontqueri Heracleum sphondylium var. rarum