Heteropogon melanocarpus Benth.

Sweet tanglehead (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Heteropogon

Characteristics

Annual. Culms robust, erect, usually solitary, 0.5–2 cm tall, supported by stilt roots. Leaf sheaths spotted with rows of glands along veins, long soft hairs at mouth; leaf blades flat, 10–40 × 0.5–1 cm, pilose, apex acuminate; ligule lacerate. Inflorescence of racemes gathered into a copious spathate panicle; spatheoles linear-lanceolate, glandular; peduncle ca. 1/2 spatheole length, scarcely exserted. Racemes 2–4 cm (excluding awns), 3–8-awned, 1–3 pairs of green homogamous spikelets below the awned fertile pairs. Sessile spikelet 6–8 mm, blackish brown; callus 3–4.5 mm, sharply pungent, brown bearded; lower glume narrowly oblong, densely pilose with soft brown hairs; awn 6–9 cm, stout, column blackish when mature, hirtellous. Pedicelled spikelet 15–25 mm, lower glume light green, oblong-lanceolate, laterally asymmetrically winged, glabrous, pitted with glands and transversely pucked along midvein, lanceolate-caudate. Fl. and fr. Jun–Nov.
More
Tall annual; culms 0.5–2.5 m. high, robust, erect, supported below by stilt roots.. Leaf-blades flat, up to 50 cm. long and 10 mm. wide, gradually acuminate.. Racemes 3–6 cm. long, emerging from the side of the spatheole, aggregated into a copious false panicle.. Homogamous pairs 1–3, resembling the pedicelled spikelets.. Sessile spikelet 10–11 mm. long, including a sharply pungent and rufously bearded callus 4 mm. long; lower glume elliptic-oblong, dark brown, densely hispidulous; awn 7–12 cm. long, pubescent.. Pedicelled spikelet 15–25 mm. long; lower glume light green, herbaceous, glabrous, with a median line of depressed glands running along its length, long-acuminate; callus 2–3 mm. long.
Robust tufted annual 500-2000 mm high; supported by stilt roots. Leaf blade up to 500 x to 12 mm, flat, gradually acuminate at apex; ligule an unfringed membrane, usually lacerated. Inflorescence with a row of depressed glands down the middle on the back of the spathes. Sessile spikelet 10-11 mm long. Pedicelled spikelet 20 mm long, lower glume with a row of depressed glands down the middle; anthers 3.0-3.5 mm long.
Robust annual, tufted, up to 2 m high. With stilt roots. Leaf blades flat, up to 500 mm long, 12 mm wide. Spikelets (sessile) 10-11 mm long (pedicellate with lower glume 16-20 mm long, with a row of depressed glands in middle).
Pedicelled spikelet 15–25 mm long; inferior glume light green, herbaceous, glabrous, with a median line of depressed glands running along its length, long-acuminate at the apex; callus 2–3 mm long.
Sessile spikelet 10–11 mm long (including a sharply pungent and rufously barbate callus c. 4 mm long); inferior glume elliptic-oblong, dark brown, densely hispidulous; awn 7–12 cm long, pubescent.
Racemes 3–6 cm long, emerging from the side of the spatheole, aggregated into a copious false panicle; homogamous spikelet pairs 1–3, resembling the pedicelled spikelets.
Tall annual; culms up to 250 cm high, robust, erect, supported below by stilt roots.
Leaf laminas flat, up to 50 cm × 10 mm, gradually acuminate at the apex.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 2.25
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Heteropogon melanocarpus world distribution map, present in Angola, Åland Islands, Benin, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Botswana, China, Dominica, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Georgia, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guatemala, Haiti, Indonesia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Oman, Peru, Paraguay, Sudan, Senegal, Chad, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:404804-1
WFO ID wfo-0000874195
COL ID 3LCGJ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 732285
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Andropogon melanocarpus Andropogon polystictus Heteropogon betafensis Heteropogon melanocarpus Heteropogon polystictus Heteropogon scrobiculatus Trachypogon scrobiculatus Andropogon scrobiculatus Cymbopogon melanocarpus Heteropogon acuminatus Sorghum melanocarpum Spirotheros melanocarpus Stipa melanocarpa