Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-foss.

Shortpod mustard (en), Roquette bâtarde (fr), Hirschfeldie blanchie (fr), Moutarde blanche (fr), Hirschfeldie blanche (fr), Hirschfeldie grisâtre (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Hirschfeldia

Characteristics

Annual to perennial. Hairs stiff, simple, recurved. Stem ± stout, often much-branched, densely hairy below, becoming glabrous above, 30-70-(100) cm tall. Lvs all densely hairy, petiolate. Rosette lvs crowded, 4-10-(30) × 1.5-3-(6) cm; terminal leaflet ovate to oblong, rarely ± triangular, often with 1-2 rounded lobes at base; lateral lobes oblong to triangular, ± auriculate at base; margins irregularly bluntly serrate to crenate. Stem lvs few, smaller than rosette lvs and with fewer leaflets, bluntly serrate, the uppermost simple, narrow-oblanceolate. Racemes many, obliquely spreading, 30-50 cm tall. Pedicels erect, swollen and narrowly clavate at fruiting, 4-8 mm long. Sepals 2-3 × 0.5-1 mm, oblanceolate. Petals pale yellow, often with dark veins; claw narrow, c. (⅓) as long as limb. Silique glabrous, erect, 6-10 × 1-2 mm; valves 4-6 mm long, 3-veined when immature but veins obscure when mature; beak swollen, 2-4 mm long, (0)-1-(2)-seeded. Seeds c. 1 mm long, (1)-3-5 per locule.
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Annual or over-wintering herbs up to 1 m high with ascending branches; lower part of stem densely retrorsely hairy. Basal leaves in a rosette, up to 20 cm long and 5 cm broad, lyrate-pinnatifid, somewhat runcinate, with 5-6 pairs of short, broad, lateral lobes and a large, oblong-ovate, obtuse, terminal lobe; all lobes ± dentate; densely white hairy. Lower stem leaves similar but smaller. Upper stem leaves small, sessile, simple, oblong to lanceolate. Sepals 3-4 mm long, narrow. Petals 6-8 mm long, spathulate, rounded. Siliquae 0.7-1.5 cm long, 1-1.5 mm in diameter, narrowly cylindrical, appressed-erect, on 2-4 mm long, erect pedicels almost as thick as the siliqua; valves 0.6-1 cm long, rounded, 3-nerved, veins obscure in ripe fruits; beak about 1/2 as long as the valves, 1-2-seeded, somewhat swollen. Seeds 76-152 mm each locule of the fruit, reddish-brown, c. 1 x 0-7 mm.
Stems (2-)4-15(-20) dm, densely pubescent proximally, trichomes retrorse. Basal leaves: petiole 1-4(-10) cm; blade (3-)4-22(-35) cm × 15-60 (-80) mm, lobes 1-6(-9) each side, ovate or lanceolate, (smaller than terminal), terminal lobe broadly ovate, surfaces densely pubescent. Cauline leaves (distal) ± sessile; blade oblong to lanceolate, similar to basal, (smaller distally). Fruiting pedicels (appressed to rachis, almost as thick as fruit), 2-4(-5) mm. Flowers: sepals 3-5 × 1.2-2 mm; petals 5-10 × 2.5-4.5 mm; filaments 3-5 mm; anthers 1-1.5 mm. Fruits 0.7-1.5(-1.7) cm × 1-1.7 mm; valves 6-10 mm; terminal segment 3-6 mm. Seeds 0.9-1.5 mm diam. 2n = 14.
Annual or biennial (occasionally perennial) herb to 1 m tall, erect, hirsute or scabrid. Lower leaves petiolate, lyrate-pinnatifid, the terminal lobe ovate, dentate; upper leaves reducing, sessile, simple, oblanceolate, dentate. lnflorescence a corymbose particle. Sepals 3–4 mm long, almost erect. Petals 6–8 mm long, yellow, often purple-veined. Siliqua 0.7–1.7 cm long, 1–1.5 mm wide, erect, pedicels thick, 2–4 mm long; beak 1-or 2-seeded, thick and swollen, 3–6 mm long; valves glabrous or hairy, 3-veined. Seeds 0.5–0.7 mm wide, red-brown, 3–6 per locule.
Annual herb, 0.5-1.0 m high, branches ascending. Stem: lower part retrorsely hairy. Leaves: basal leaves rosulate, lyrate-pinnatifid, somewhat runcinate, margins dentate, densely white-hairy, lateral lobes 5 or 6 pairs, short and broad, terminal lobes large, oblong-ovate, obtuse; lower cauline leaves similar but smaller, upper ones sessile, simple, small, oblong to lanceolate. Inflorescences a raceme. Sepals narrow. Petals spathulate, rounded, pale yellow. Fruit an appressed-erect siliqua, pedicellate, narrowly cylindrical. Seeds reddish brown.
A cabbage family herb. It is an annual plant. It can sometimes keep growing from year to year. It grows 1 m tall. The leaves are 4-22 cm long by 2-6 cm wide. The flowers are yellow. The seed pods are blunt. They are 7-15 mm long by 1-2 mm wide. They have small beaks each enclosing one seed. The seed is 0.9-1.5 mm across.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in sandy soils. It can grow in arid places. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 2,200 m above sea level. Tasmania Herbarium.
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Naturalized in sandy places in the Channel Islands, it is also a casual in southern England.
A tenacious weed ofdisturbed soil.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-11

Usage

The young plants are eaten with oil and lemon juice. They can also be eaten fresh or boiled. The seeds can be ground and eaten. The flowers are added to vegetable dips. They are also fried and stewed.
Uses animal food food gene source medicinal oil
Edible flowers leaves seeds stems
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Hirschfeldia incana leaf picture by Reinhard Bachmann (cc-by-sa)
Hirschfeldia incana leaf picture by Barbora Šašková (cc-by-sa)
Hirschfeldia incana leaf picture by Emilien Blanchard (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Hirschfeldia incana flower picture by Carlos Baeba (cc-by-sa)
Hirschfeldia incana flower picture by Reinhard Bachmann (cc-by-sa)
Hirschfeldia incana flower picture by Reinhard Bachmann (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Hirschfeldia incana world distribution map, present in Australia, France, New Zealand, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1155526-2
WFO ID wfo-0000724016
COL ID 3M43V
BDTFX ID 75172
INPN ID 102876
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Strangalis adpressa Sinapis taurica Myagrum pinnatum Brassica adpressa Brassica incana Brassica nervosa Sinapis incana Erucaria hyrcanica Erucaria persica Erucastrum incanum Hirschfeldia adpressa Raphanus incanus Hirschfeldia geniculata Crucifera hirschfeldia Cordylocarpus pubescens Hirschfeldia heterophylla Erucastrum heterophyllum Sisymbrium incanum Brassica heterophylla Sinapis heterophylla Raphanus erucaria Rapistrum macedonicum Hirschfeldia adpressa var. consobrina Erucastrum incanum var. geniculatum Brassica nigra var. incana Brassica sylvestris subsp. incana Hirschfeldia incana subsp. leptocarpa Sinapis adpressa Sinapis paniculata Hirschfeldia incana subsp. adpressa Hirschfeldia incana var. geniculata Hirschfeldia incana

Lower taxons

Hirschfeldia incana subsp. geniculata Hirschfeldia incana subsp. consobrina Hirschfeldia incana subsp. incrassata