Deciduous tree, (5-)20-30(-40) m, with well-shaped bole; branches horizontal; innovations +-tomentose; bark thin, smooth, green under the thin, whitish or light-grey peeling epidermis; trunk columnar, up to 90 cm diam., buttresses 1 m high, 20 cm broad at the base. Leaves broadly obovate to obovate-oblong, subsessile, rounded-obtuse or apiculate, cuneate towards the base, but rounded at the very base, subcoriaceous, shallowly and distantly ± glandular, crenate, ± glabrescent above, (7.5-)10-15(-25) by 4-7(-13) cm; nerves strongly parallel, c. 12 pairs; petiole stout, 1-3(-5) cm. Flowers small, greenish, with a disagreeable smell, 5-6-merous, in 2-3(-5)-flowered glomerules spirally arranged along the stout, yellowish-tomentose, pendulous rhachis 10-35 cm long. Calyx-tubs conical, tomentose. Sepals and petals linear-oblong, woolly, c. 1.5 mm. Filaments 2 mm. Styles 2-3, glabrous. Fruit c. 3 mm, indehiscent, 1-seeded.
In mixed forests as well as in teak-forests (Java), not seldom on calcareous soil and often on periodically dry ground, mostly in localities where the dry monsoon is well-pronounced; sometimes the tree stands leafless for a few months. Not gregarious as a rule, though sometimes locally numerous, mostly at low altitude, from sea-level to 200 (rarely up to 700) m; fl. Jan.-Oct.
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Locally common, but not gregarious, in mixed deciduous forest, sometimes with bamboo, and in teak forest; often found on periodically dry ground; usually at elevations up to 200 metres.
Uses. After Meijer Drees ( Meijer Drees Commun. For. Res. Inst. Btzg no 33 1951 106 ) fairly fire-resistant, easily sprouting from stumps, recommended for afforestation and local timber production in not too dry regions; it stands short periods of high groundwater.Wood brown, hard, heavy, but not durable, used for matches.
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