Hopea odorata Roxb.

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Dipterocarpaceae > Hopea

Characteristics

Tall buttressed tree with dark brown flaky bark. Twig apices sparsely fugaceous pale buff puberulent; panicle, leaf buds, flower calyx and petals outside densely persistently so; fruit calyx lobes and frequently nut glabrescent. Twig c. 2 mm ø apically, terete, dark brown, smooth to rugulose; stipule scars pale, minute. Buds minute, ovoid; stipules minute, fugaceous. Leaves 7-14 by 3-7 cm, ovate-lanceolate, falcate; base broadly cuneate, unequal; acumen to 1.5 cm long, broad; nerves 9-12 pairs, prominent beneath, narrowly depressed above, arched, with prominent porous saccate axillary domatia; tertiary nerves densely sinuate-scalariform, very slender but clearly evident on both surfaces; midrib prominent beneath, applanate to somewhat channelled above; petiole 10-16 mm long, slender. Panicle to 12 cm long, terminal or axillary, twice-branched, with many to 2.5 cm long branchlets bearing to 9 secund flowers. Flower buds to 3 by 2 mm, broadly ovoid. Outer 2 sepals lanceolate, obtuse or subacuminate; inner 3 broadly ovate, acute. Petals pale cream-yellow. Stamens 15; filaments slender, compressed at base, tapering; appendage slender, as long as narrowly ellipsoid anthers. Ovary ovoid, punctate or glabrous, surmounted by an equally tall columnar style. Fruit pedicel to 1 mm long, short, slender. 2 longer calyx lobes to 5.5 by 2 cm, ± broadly spatulate, obtuse, c. 3 mm broad above the to 4 by 4 mm small elliptic saccate base; 3 shorter lobes to 4 by 4 mm, ovate, subacuminate. Nut to 6 by 5 mm, small, ovoid, subobtuse.
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A large tree. It grows 40 m tall. The trunk is 80 cm across. It keeps its leaves throughout the year. The trunk is straight and cylinder shaped for 25 m and usually has stilt roots. The bark is scaly and brown to black. The leaves are narrowly oval and 8-14 cm long by 3-6 cm wide. They are broadly wedge shaped at the base and taper to the tip. The flowers are in groups in the axils of leaves or at the ends of branches. The flower branches are 17 cm long and there are 3-9 flowers. They are pale yellow to cream coloured. The fruit is oval and 6-8 mm across. There are 2 large wings 4-7 cm long by 1-2 cm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.8
Mature height (meter) 40.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Evergreen forest, usually occurring on deep rich soils, most commonly along the banks of streams and in damp situations at elevations up to 600metres. In the Andamans it is mainly found in moist tropical evergreen forests.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows up to 600 m above sea level. It is often along streams on deep rich soil.
Common, often gregarious, on river banks in Malaya.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses. Cultivated as a shade tree.
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The fruit are chewed.
Uses dye environmental use material medicinal oil social use timber wood
Edible barks fruits
Therapeutic use Central nervous system depressants (aerial part), Hypotension (aerial part), Astringents (bark), Neck pain (bark), Hemostatics (plant exudate), Ointments (plant exudate), Astringent (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Styptic (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Gum (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 26 - 36
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Hopea odorata habit picture by J J Tamssom (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Hopea odorata leaf picture by Jing Wei Yeong (cc-by-sa)
Hopea odorata leaf picture by Jing Wei Yeong (cc-by-sa)
Hopea odorata leaf picture by J J Tamssom (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Hopea odorata world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, China, India, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Hopea odorata threat status: Vulnerable

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320965-1
WFO ID wfo-0000724618
COL ID 3MJG8
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Neisandra indica Hopea decandra Doona odorata Hopea odorata Hopea vasta Hopea wightiana