Hymenachne amplexicaulis Nees

West indian marsh grass (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Hymenachne

Characteristics

Culms decumbent, up to 1 m tall, 6–10 mm in diam.; nodes many, brown, glabrous. Leaf blades broadly linear, thick, 30–40 × ca. 2 cm, glabrous or the adaxial surface and margins loosely tuberculate-hairy, base rounded and slightly clasping, apex acuminate. Ligule membranous, 1–2 mm. Panicle 20–40 × 1–2 cm; spikelike, branches 0.5–2 cm, erect, appressed; rachis winged; pedicels scabrous. Spikelets narrowly lanceolate, 4.5–6 × ca. 1 mm, veins smooth at base, otherwise scabrous; both glumes and lower lemma separated by a short stipe; lower glume ovate, ca. 1.2 mm, 1-veined, acuminate; upper glume and lower lemma lanceolate, 3–4 mm, apex with 0.5–2 mm awn; upper lemma ca. 3 mm, margins flat, apex acuminate. Anthers 0.75–1 mm. Caryopsis ca. 1.5 mm, apex rounded. Fl. and fr. summer to autumn.
More
Coarse aquatic perennial; culms succulent, slender or usually rather thick, sparingly branching, glabrous, the base creeping, rooting at the nodes, 1-2 m. long, or even longer; sheaths usually shorter than the internodes, glabrous or sometimes ciliate on the margins; blades commonly 15-35 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, or smaller on some of the branches, acuminate, gradually narrowed from the cordate-clasping base, the margins scabrous, more or less papillose-hispid-ciliate at the base; panicles 20-50 cm. long, sometimes shorter, 8-15 mm. thick, dense, spike-like, the lower branches often distant; spikelets 3-4 mm. long, acuminate, the second glume and sterile lemma rather prominently scabrous on the nerves, the lemma often awn-pointed.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 2.5
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A semi-aquatic plant in open swamps and ditches from sea-level up to 1,200 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food fodder fuel
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 28
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Hymenachne amplexicaulis leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Hymenachne amplexicaulis leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Hymenachne amplexicaulis leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Hymenachne amplexicaulis world distribution map, present in Andorra, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, Jamaica, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Nepal, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Suriname, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:405429-1
WFO ID wfo-0000875143
COL ID 3NHHH
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 629875
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Agrostis monostachya Hymenachne acutigluma Hymenachne amplexicaulis Hymenachne monostachya Hymenachne pseudointerrupta Panicum acuminatum Panicum amplexicaule Panicum auritum Panicum grisebachianum Panicum hasskarlii Panicum hymenachne Panicum myurum Hymenachne gouinii Panicum caudatum Panicum acutiglume Panicum perdensum Hymenachne x calamitosa Panicum amplexicaule var. deflexum Panicum amplexicaule var. erectum Sporobolus villosus