Hymenocardia ulmoides Oliv.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Phyllanthaceae > Hymenocardia

Characteristics

A medium-sized or small tree or occasionally scandent shrub up to 12 m. in height, with smooth grey bark and very slender twigs pubescent at first, later glabrescent.. Leaf-blades elliptic-ovate, 1.5–4(–5) cm. long, 0.7–2(–3.5) cm. wide, subacute or obtuse, usually acuminate, rounded or cuneate, entire, nerves inconspicuous, 4–5 pairs, sparsely puberulous along the midrib and main nerves above, otherwise glabrous, almost glabrous beneath except for the angles between the midrib and main nerves, where there are sparse to dense tufts of hairs in the domatia, sparsely gland-dotted beneath, thinly coriaceous; petiole 4–8 mm. long, pubescent.. Stipules linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 4 mm. long, puberulous, soon caducous.. Male inflorescences 1.5 cm. long, many-flowered, laxly spicate or subpaniculate, pendent, leafy or not, often borne on lateral short shoots; axis very slender, puberulous; bracts spathulate, 2–3 mm. long, puberulous.. Male flowers: calyx 1.5 mm. long, lobes 5, rounded, 0.5 mm. long, ciliate, greenish white; anthers 1 mm. long, pale yellow or whitish; pistillode cylindric, 1 mm. long.. Female inflorescences 1.5 cm. long, 4–5-flowered, leafy at the base, terminal on lateral shoots; axis slender, sparsely to evenly pubescent, gland-dotted; bracts elliptic-lanceolate, 2 mm. long, sparsely puberulous.. Female flowers: pedicels 1.5 mm. long, sparingly puberulous and gland-dotted, extending to 1 cm. in fruit, very slender; sepals 5, linear, 2.5–3 mm. long, free almost to base, sparingly pubescent; ovary elliptic-oblong to obovate, compressed, 1 mm. long, glabrous, with a few scattered gland-dots; styles filiform, 2 mm. long at first, later extending to 5 mm., glabrous, reddish.. Fruits almost surrounded by the wing, suborbicular-obcordate or obovate in outline, compressed, 1.8–2.3 cm. long, 1.3–2.3 cm. wide, borne on a stipe 1–3 mm. long, emarginate at apex, with the wing-extremities sometimes overlapping, rounded at the base with the wings slightly decurrent on the stipe, glabrous, membranous, pink or pale yellow.. Seeds semicircular-oblong, compressed, 9 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, smooth, purplish brown.. Fig. 107.
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A shrub or small tree. It grows to 5 m tall. The bark is grey and striped. The leaves are oval and 2.5-3 cm long by 1.8 cm wide. Young leaves are red. Mature leaves are dark green. The midrib is red and hairy. The male and female flowers are separate on separate plants. Male flowers are very small and pinkish. They are in catkin like spikes about 10 mm long. The female flowers are green and single. They are like a small fruit and 6-7 mm long. They have a pair of long red styles.
Leaf blades 1–5.5 × 0.5–4 cm, elliptic-ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, subacute, obtuse or rounded, occasionally slightly acuminate at the apex, rounded or cuneate at the base, firmly chartaceous, pubescent along the midrib but otherwise ± glabrous above and beneath except for the tufts of domatial hairs beneath, sparingly gland-dotted beneath, bright or dark green above, paler beneath; lateral nerves inconspicuous, in 4–5(6) pairs.
Fruits 1.2–2.3 × 1–2.3 cm, suborbicular to obcordate, completely or almost completely surrounded by the wing, flat, borne on a stipe 1–3 mm long, emarginate at the apex, with the wing-tips sometimes overlapping, rounded or slightly decurrent on to the stipe at the base, glabrous, membranous, brown, red, yellow, whitish or greenish.
Female flowers: pedicels 1.5–3 mm long, extending to 7 mm in fruit, very slender; sepals 5–6, 3–4 mm long, linear, pubescent towards the apex; ovary 1 mm long, obovoid to oblong-ellipsoid, glabrous, with a few scattered gland-dots; styles 2–5(10) mm long, extending to 1.5 cm fruit, slender, divergent, red, caducous.
Shrub or small tree, up to 6 m high. Male flowers in spikes barely 10 mm long. Fruit with rose-coloured wing extending all around fruit except for narrow apical notch. Flowers pink or green.
Male flowers: buds reddish, orange or pink; calyx c. 1 mm across, shallowly 5-lobed, the lobes ciliate, whitish; anthers 0.8 mm long, yellowish; pistillode 2-lobed, 1 mm high.
Male inflorescences usually on short lateral shoots, laxly spicate or subpaniculate, 1–1.5(3) cm long, the axis slender; bracts 1 mm long, spathulate.
Female inflorescences terminal on short lateral shoots, 1.5 mm long, few-flowered, leafy at the base; bracts 2 mm long, lanceolate.
A tree up to 20 m high with a spreading crown, or a shrub branched from the base, sometimes scandent.
Seeds 7–9 × 2–4 mm, semicircular-oblong, smooth, purplish-brown or blackish.
Young shoots and petioles puberulous or pubescent, older twigs glabrescent.
Stipules 3–5 mm long, linear-lanceolate, pubescent, soon falling.
Bark smooth or longitudinally furrowed, tough, grey or brownish.
Petioles 2–8 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 5.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows at low altitude in mixed woodland. It grows along rivers often amongst rocks. It can grow along rocky shores. It can grow in arid places. In Zimbabwe it grows up to 800 m above sea level. In Congo it grows up to 1,500 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The leaves are eaten cooked as a leafy vegetable, and flavouring. The leaves are also used as a substitute tea drink.
Uses food fuel gene source material medicinal tea
Edible leaves shoots
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Hymenocardia ulmoides world distribution map, present in Angola, Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon, Mozambique, Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Hymenocardia ulmoides threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:350107-1
WFO ID wfo-0000216033
COL ID 3NJ89
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Hymenocardia similis Hymenocardia ulmoides Hymenocardia capensis Hymenocardia poggei Hymenocardia ulmoides var. capensis Hymenocardia ulmoides var. longistyla