Iberis amara L.

Wild candytuft (en), Iberis amer (fr), Ibéris amer (fr), Ibéride amère (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Iberis

Characteristics

Annuals; glabrous or pubescent distal to base. Stems erect, branched distally, 1-4 dm. Basal leaves absent. Cauline leaves petiolate or (distal) sessile; blade spatulate or oblanceolate to oblong, 2-6 cm × 5-15 mm, margins pinnatifid or dentate, or (distalmost) entire or dentate. Racemes considerably elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels spreading to slightly descending, 3-10 mm. Flowers: sepals oblong, 1.5-3 mm; petals white or pink to purple, abaxial pair 5-8 × 2-5 mm, adaxial pair 2-5 × 1.5-3 mm. Fruits suborbicular to broadly ovate, 4-6(-7) × 3-6 mm, apically notched; valves extending into acute to obtuse wing; style 0.8-2 mm, exserted or included in apical notch. Seeds narrowly winged, 2-3 mm. 2n = 14.
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Annual. Stems erect, ridged, 15-30 cm tall, with papillate to reflexed hairs. Lvs simple, pinnatifid, becoming toothed above, ciliate, narrow-oblanceolate to linear, acute at apex, narrowed to stalk-like base. Infl. a corymb or compact raceme, elongating at fruiting; pedicels spreading, hairy on upper surface, 0.5-1 cm long. Sepals glabrous to sparsely hairy, green or pinkish with scarious margins, c. 2 × 1.5 mm. Petals white; 2 anterior petals 4-6 × 1.5-2.5 mm; 2 posterior petals 1-2 × c. 1 mm. Silicle elliptic, 4-7 × 3-6 mm; valves finely veined, with broad acuminate wings forming an acute apical notch. Style 1-1.5 mm long. Seeds ovoid, brown, flattened, narrowly winged, c. 3 mm long.
A cabbage family herb. It is an annual plant. It grows 10-30 cm high. The leaves are simple. The lower leaves are spoon shaped and the higher ones are sword shaped. There can be some teeth near the tip. The flowers are 1 cm across and white or pale violet.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 0.58
Mature height (meter) 0.23 - 0.3
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Dry calcareous soils on hillsides and in cornfields.
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It is a temperate and tropical plant.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-8

Usage

The seeds are occasionally used as a source of mustard.
Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Antifungal agents (seed), Antineoplastic agents (seed), Antirheumatic agents (seed), Asthma (seed), Brain neoplasms (seed), Bronchitis (seed), Gout (seed), Heart diseases (seed), Melanoma (seed), Bronchitis (unspecified), Cardiotonic (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Gout (unspecified), Homeopathy (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Antirheumatic (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Antiscorbutic (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Insect repellents (unspecified)
Human toxicity toxic (seed), toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 10 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 20 - 29
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Iberis amara habit picture by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)
Iberis amara habit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Iberis amara habit picture by Frédérique Berato (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Iberis amara leaf picture by Boumlik Messaïli (cc-by-sa)
Iberis amara leaf picture by López Coronel David (cc-by-sa)
Iberis amara leaf picture by Vincent Givord (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Iberis amara flower picture by florence roos (cc-by-sa)
Iberis amara flower picture by jul Tauzet (cc-by-sa)
Iberis amara flower picture by MARÍA ÁLVAREZ (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Iberis amara fruit picture by Daniel Bourget (cc-by-sa)
Iberis amara fruit picture by Thierry Bickard (cc-by-sa)
Iberis amara fruit picture by Daniel Bourget (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Iberis amara world distribution map, present in Canada, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:324660-2
WFO ID wfo-0000728768
COL ID 3P79B
BDTFX ID 35505
INPN ID 103415
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Iberis affinis Iberis crenata Iberis forestieri Iberis serotina Biauricula amara Biauricula panduriformis Crucifera iberis Iberis apricorum Iberis arvatica Iberis bicolor Iberis bicorymbifera Iberis pinetorum Iberis vinetorum Iberis latifolia Iberis panduriformis Iberis resedifolia Iberis resedifolia Iberis latifolia Iberis decipiens Iberis montolivensis Iberis ruficaulis Iberis sabauda Thlaspi amarum Iberis martinii Iberis amara subsp. forestieri Iberis amara subsp. amara Iberis contracta subsp. vinetorum Iberis ciliata subsp. vinetorum Biauricula resedifolia Iberis linifolia var. vinetorum Iberis amara