Iris ensata Thunb.

Japanese iris (en), Iris du Japon (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Iridaceae > Iris

Characteristics

Rhizomes creeping, thick. Leaves linear, 30--80 cm × 5--12 mm, midvein distinct on both surfaces, apex acuminate. Flowering stems 25--100 cm, solid, 1--3-leaved; spathes 3, lanceolate, unequal, 4.5--7.5 × 0.8--1.2 cm, leathery, 2-flowered, veins distinct, raised, basal spathe shorter, apex usually acute, apical spathe longer, apex usually obtuse. Flowers dark reddish purple, 9--10 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.5--3.5 cm. Perianth tube 1.5--2 cm; outer segments obovate, mottled yellow at center, 7--8.5 × 3--3.5 cm; inner segments erect, narrowly lanceolate, ca. 5 cm × 5--6 mm. Stamens ca. 3.5 cm; anthers purple. Ovary cylindric, 1.5--2 cm × ca. 3 mm. Style branches purple, ca. 5 cm × 7--10 mm. Capsule ellipsoid, 4.5--5.5 × 1.5--1.8 cm, 6-ribbed, apex shortly beaked. Seeds maroon-brown, semiorbicular, flat. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Aug--Sep. 2 n = 24*.
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A perennial plant. It grows 30-90 cm high and 30-45 cm wide. It has a creeping rhizome. The leaves are narrow and 30-80 cm long by 5-12 mm wide. The flowering stems are 25-100 m long. The flowers are purple and beardless. Colours can vary from white, blue, pink and purple.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.6 - 0.93
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is frost hardy. It does well in sunny positions beside water. It will not tolerate dry, hot conditions. It suits hardiness zones 5-8.
More
Dry sandy plains near lakes, meadows, clay-solonetz places in steppes and solonetz meadows. Marshes, ditches and wet grassy places.
Light 3-7
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

Starch is extracted from the roots.
Uses environmental use fiber forage material medicinal
Edible roots
Therapeutic use Antifungal agents (flower), Anticoagulants (rhizome), Antidepressive agents (root), Anti-inflammatory agents (root), Asthma (root), Common cold (root), Cough (root), Demulcents (root), Edema (root), Expectorants (root), Hematologic diseases (root), Hemiplegia (root), Hypotension (root), Liver diseases (root), Pneumonia (root), General tonic for rejuvenation (root), Sexually transmitted diseases (root), Deobstruent (root), Dyspepsia (seed), Wounds and injuries (seed), Alterative (unspecified), Antidote (unspecified), Apertif (unspecified), Blood (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flux (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Hepatitis (unspecified), Puerperium (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Venereal (unspecified), Liver (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Hematologic diseases (unspecified), Liver diseases (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 545
Germination temperacture (C°) 17 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -35
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Flower

Iris ensata flower picture by からっ風 (cc-by-sa)
Iris ensata flower picture by Torres Martínez (cc-by-sa)
Iris ensata flower picture by Megan Wright (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Iris ensata world distribution map, present in Canada, China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:438572-1
WFO ID wfo-0000783305
COL ID 3PZNJ
BDTFX ID 35873
INPN ID 103726
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Iris doniana Xiphion donianum Limniris ensata Iris caricifolia Iris kaempferi Iris longifolia Joniris longifolia Joniris doniana Iris ensata f. alba Iris graminea Iris smithii Iris kaempferi var. spontanea Iris laevigata var. kaempferi Iris kaempferi var. hortensis Iris ensata var. spontanea Iris laevigata var. hortensis Iris ensata