Jatropha erythropoda Pax & K.Hoffm.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Jatropha

Characteristics

Male flowers: pedicels up to 2 mm long; calyx c. 3 mm long; calyx lobes 1.25 × 1 mm, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, subacute or obtuse, entire, subentire or minutely glandular-denticulate, glabrous or sparingly pubescent; petals 5–5.5 × 1.75 mm, oblanceolate, rounded, glabrous, creamy-white; disk glands 5, free, c. 0.75 mm, turbinate, truncate; stamens 8, 4.5–5 mm long, the 5 outer free, the 3 inner connate below, filaments glabrous, anthers 1.75–2 mm long.
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Female flowers: pedicels 2.5 mm long, stout; calyx c. 4 mm long, calyx lobes 3 × 0.8 mm, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, acute, irregularly glandular-denticulate or stipitate-glandular to subentire, glabrous or almost so; petals 6–8 × 1–1.5 mm, linear-oblanceolate, subacute, glabrous, white or pinkish; disk deeply 5-lobed, the lobes scale-like; ovary c. 2 × 2 mm, subglobose, glabrous; styles 2 mm long, united at the base, erect, stigmas bifid, papillose.
An erect several-stemmed somewhat fleshy perennial herb up to 30 cm high; tubers up to 16 × 3.5 cm, elongate or ellipsoid, smooth, red, lying some 15 cm below ground level; stems glabrous below, pubescent above, rarely completely glabrous, reddish-tinged, arising at ground level from one or more small underground stems (caudiculi) produced from the tuber.
Leaf blades 2–8(12) × 1–4 cm, irregularly pinnatipartite, cuneate or rounded at the base, membranaceous, usually glabrous, rarely sparingly puberulous towards the base, glaucous; the lobes acute, lobulate, serrate or entire, with hyaline margins; lateral nerves often indistinct.
A herb. It has several stems and can be fleshy. It grows 30 cm tall. The tubers are 16 cm long by 3.5 cm wide. The leaves are compound and 2-8 cm long by 1-4 cm wide. The flowering shoot are 3 cm long. The fruit is 7-8 mm long by 10-12 mm wide.
Seeds 7–8 × 4.5–5 × 3.5 mm, compressed-ellipsoid, smooth, pale yellowish-grey, with a 2-lobed flabelliform caruncle c. 2 × 4.5 mm, dark chestnut-brown at the base shading to buff.
Perennial herb, up to 150 mm tall. Stems tufted at apices. Leaves shortly petioled, runcinate-pinnatifid. Sepals with hyaline denticulate edges. Flowers white or pale yellow.
Stipules c. 2 mm long, simple, setaceous-filiform, or bifid or trifid with filiform segments, eglandular, ochreous, subpersistent.
Inflorescences up to 3 cm long, terminal, shortly pedunculate; bracts 2–5 mm long, lanceolate, acute, denticulate to subentire.
Fruit 7–8(10) × 10–12 mm, depressed-globose, shallowly 3-lobed, very shallowly tuberculate-verruculose, glabrous.
Petioles 1–8 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.25
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Sandveld grassland; shallow pan margins; wooded grassland with Acacia and Combretum; at elevations from 900-1,400 metres.
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It is a subtropical plant.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses animal food medicinal poison vertebrate poison
Edible roots tubers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 120
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Jatropha erythropoda world distribution map, present in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:350233-1
WFO ID wfo-0000219616
COL ID 3QN8V
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Jatropha erythropoda var. hirtula Jatropha erythropoda