Jatropha gossypiifolia L.

Bellyache bush (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Jatropha

Characteristics

Shrubs, to 3 m, monoecious. Stems erect, brown, sparsely to much-branched, woody-succulent, hirsute, glandular when young; short shoots absent; latex viscous, colorless. Leaves persistent or drought-deciduous, ± evenly distributed on long shoots; stipules persistent, 2.5–12 mm, filiform-divided, each segment ending in stipitate gland; petiole 3–14.5 cm, stipitate-glandular; blade cordate to ovate in outline, 4–18.2 × 4.2–13.4 cm, 3–5-lobed, base cordate, margins usually serrulate-denticulate or glandular-ciliate, rarely entire, apex acuminate, membranous, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy especially on veins; venation palmate. Inflorescences bisexual, terminal and subterminal, cymes; peduncle 2.5–10.5 cm; bracts 6–16 mm, margins entire, glandular-ciliate. Pedicels 1–2 mm. Staminate flowers: sepals distinct or connate to 1/4 length, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.2–2.5 × 2.5–4 mm, margins entire, apex round, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy, glandular-ciliate; corolla orange-red to purple, sometimes with lighter center, campanulate, petals connate 1/4–1/2 length, 3.5–5.5 × 1.8–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy on 1 or both surfaces; stamens 8 in 2 whorls (5 + 3); filaments of each whorl connate 1/4–1/2+ length, outer whorl 1.4–3 mm, inner whorl 1.8–4 mm. Pistillate flowers resembling staminate, but sepals 2.5–4 × 1–1.7 mm; petals 4–6.5 × 2–3.5 cm; staminodes sometimes present; carpels 3; styles connate to 1/4 length, 1–2 mm. Capsules ellipsoidal, 1–1.2 × 0.8–1 cm, explosively dehiscent. Seeds gray-brown mottled with dark brown spots, ovoid, 6.5–7 × 3.8–4.5 mm; caruncle prominent. 2n = 22 (Mexico).
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Subshrub or robust herb 1-2 m high, stems softly woody; branches glabrous. Leaves with petioles cylindric, 3-6 cm long, with branched glandular setae similar to those of the stipules; stipules parted to base into 2-4 slender branched glandulif-erous setae ca 3-5 mm long; blades 3-5-lobed halfway to the base or more, 5-8 cm long, mostly 7-15 cm broad, palmatinerved, ? cordate at base, the lobes oblong or elliptic, acute or short-acuminate at the tip, closely glandular-denticulate along margins, pinnately veined. Dichasia terminal on branches, with lateral axes alternate; peduncle minutely puberulent, ca 2-4 cm long; bracts lanceolate, acumi-nate, glandular-ciliate, the lower ones 8-12 mm long. Staminate flowers with pedicels less than 2 mm long; calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, with stalked capitate glands on margins, distinctly imbricate, 2-4(-5) mm long; petals obovate, dark reddish or purplish-red, ca 3-5 mm long; stamens 8, the filaments 2.2-3 mm long, connate or strongly coherent in the lower 1/3, the anthers ovate, 0.5-0.7 mm long; pistillode absent. Pistillate flowers with pedicels less than 5 mm long, puberulent; calyx-lobes similar to staminate but puberulent and becoming larger (5-7 mm long); ovary pubescent, the styles slender, ca 1.5 mm long, dilated into emarginate stigmata. Capsules subglobose, 3-sulcate, ca 1 cm in diam, glabrescent, slightly verruculose; seeds dark grayish, with small black specks, mottled grayish-and brown, or dark chestnut brown, slightly compressed, 5.5-7.3 mm long, the caruncle massive, deeply laciniate, 1.2-1.9 mm long, 2.1-3.3 mm broad.
A shrub. It grows 1.5 m tall. The leaves are divided into 3 lobes. The leaves are purplish. The flowers are in groups 10-15 cm long. The flowers are dark red. The fruit is oblong and has 2-3 lobes. It is 1.3 cm long and brown when ripe.
Shrub or small tree, up to 3 m high. Leaves palmately lobed, petioles with gland-tipped hairs along their entire length. Flowers red.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.25 - 2.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Savannah woodland, riparian areas, monsoon vine forests and coastal foreshores, also as a weed of degraded pastures.
More
It is a tropical plant. In XTBG Yunnan.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses environmental use food fuel material medicinal oil poison social use
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Anti-inflammatory agents (aerial part), Liver diseases (aerial part), Antirheumatic agents (bark), Appetite stimulants (bark), Cathartics (bark), Central nervous system diseases (bark), Dysentery (bark), Emetics (bark), Hypothermia (bark), Menstruation-inducing agents (bark), Paralysis (bark), Pruritus (bark), Sexually transmitted diseases (bark), Skin diseases (bark), Anti-bacterial agents (fruit), Antifungal agents (fruit), Molluscacides (fruit), Abdominal pain (leaf), Anthelmintics (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Anti-infective agents, local (leaf), Anti-inflammatory agents (leaf), Antioxidants (leaf), Antipyretics (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Appetite stimulants (leaf), Blister (leaf), Breast diseases (leaf), Carbuncle (leaf), Cathartics (leaf), Common cold (leaf), Dental caries (leaf), Dermatitis (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Dracunculiasis (leaf), Eczema (leaf), Edema (leaf), Fever (leaf), Filariasis (leaf), Furunculosis (leaf), Hematologic diseases (leaf), Hematoma (leaf), Hemorrhage (leaf), Insecticides (leaf), Jaundice (leaf), Menstruation-inducing agents (leaf), Mumps (leaf), Pain (leaf), Paralysis (leaf), Peptic ulcer (leaf), Anti-poisoning (leaf), Pruritus (leaf), Rat-bite fever (leaf), Scabies (leaf), Sexually transmitted diseases (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Tongue diseases (leaf), Toothache (leaf), Ulcer (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Cathartics (plant exudate), Cough (plant exudate), Eczema (plant exudate), Hemostatics (plant exudate), Menstruation-inducing agents (plant exudate), Paralysis (plant exudate), Peptic ulcer (plant exudate), Periodontal diseases (plant exudate), Periodontitis (plant exudate), Pruritus (plant exudate), Skin diseases (plant exudate), Tooth mobility (plant exudate), Toothache (plant exudate), Typhoid fever (plant exudate), Ulcer (plant exudate), Wounds and injuries (plant exudate), Cathartics (root), Leprosy (root), Menstruation-inducing agents (root), Paralysis (root), Puerperal disorders (root), Skin diseases (root), Snake bites (root), Tooth diseases (root), Uterine diseases (root), Antifungal agents (seed), Antineoplastic agents (seed), Antirheumatic agents (seed), Cathartics (seed), Eczema (seed), Emetics (seed), Leprosy (seed), Menstruation-inducing agents (seed), Molluscacides (seed), Pain (seed), Paralysis (seed), Pruritus (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Scabies (seed), Skin diseases (seed), Sympathomimetics (seed), Ulcer (seed), Carbuncle (shoot), Dental caries (shoot), Furunculosis (shoot), Burns (stem), Dysentery (stem), Oral ulcer (stem), Periodontal diseases (stem), Periodontitis (stem), Toothache (stem), Antidote (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Venereal (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Cathartics (unspecified), Emetics (unspecified), Gastrointestinal diseases (unspecified), Insecticides (unspecified), Lymphadenitis (unspecified), Tongue diseases (unspecified), Tonsillitis (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Malaria (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 120
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Jatropha gossypiifolia habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Jatropha gossypiifolia leaf picture by Ofe Ilu Odde (cc-by-sa)
Jatropha gossypiifolia leaf picture by Loïd COZEMA (cc-by-sa)
Jatropha gossypiifolia leaf picture by Olaya Correa Jance (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Jatropha gossypiifolia flower picture by Amado Rosane (cc-by-sa)
Jatropha gossypiifolia flower picture by Moura Vanessa (cc-by-sa)
Jatropha gossypiifolia flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Jatropha gossypiifolia fruit picture by Yves Demouy (cc-by-sa)
Jatropha gossypiifolia fruit picture by Moacir Morran (cc-by-sa)
Jatropha gossypiifolia fruit picture by Nada Vergili (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Jatropha gossypiifolia world distribution map, present in Aruba, Andorra, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Central African Republic, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Fiji, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, Jamaica, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Suriname, Togo, Thailand, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and South Africa

Conservation status

Jatropha gossypiifolia threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:323930-2
WFO ID wfo-0000219653
COL ID 3QN9R
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447146
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Manihot gossypiifolia Adenoropium gossypiifolium Jatropha elegans Jatropha gossypiifolia var. typica Jatropha gossypiifolia

Lower taxons

Jatropha gossypiifolia var. gossypiifolia Jatropha gossypiifolia var. staphysagriifolia Jatropha gossypiifolia var. jamaicensis